ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer phenobarbital 6 mg/kg/day PO divided in equal doses every 12 hr to a client who weighs 44 lbs. Available is phenobarbital elixir 20 mg/5ml. The nurse should administer how many mL per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use trailing zeros.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first convert the client's weight from lbs to kg: 44 lbs / 2.2 = 20 kg.
Then, multiply the weight by the dose: 20 kg x 6 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day. Since the dose is divided every 12 hours, the nurse should administer 60 mg every 12 hours. Now, determine how many mL of the elixir contain 60 mg: 20 mg/5 mL = 60 mg/x mL. Cross multiply to find x: 20x = 300. Solve for x: x = 300/20 = 15 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 15 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the client's weight and the concentration of the elixir.
Question 2 of 5
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used for what type of patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: D - Patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: LMWH is commonly used for the treatment and prevention of conditions such as DVT due to its ability to inhibit blood clot formation. Patients with DVT benefit from LMWH as it helps prevent the clot from growing larger or breaking off and traveling to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A: Patients with hypertension - LMWH is not indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
B: Patients with asthma - LMWH is not indicated for the treatment of asthma.
C: Patients with diabetes - LMWH is not specifically indicated for the treatment of diabetes.
Question 3 of 5
A common complication of using thrombolytic drugs S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bleeding. Thrombolytic drugs work by dissolving blood clots, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding as they break down the clots. This is a well-known and serious complication associated with thrombolytic therapy. Nausea, hypertension, and fever are not common complications of thrombolytic drugs. Bleeding is a critical consideration due to the potential for serious consequences such as hemorrhage.
Therefore, it is crucial to monitor patients closely for signs of bleeding when using thrombolytic drugs.
Question 4 of 5
Calculate the following dosage using ratio and proportions method (Round answers to the nearest tenth). Order: Digoxin 0.375mg p. o. daily. Available: Digoxin (scored tablets) labeled 0.25mg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dosage of Digoxin, we set up a proportion: 0.375mg is to 1 tablet as X mg is to 0.25mg. Cross-multiply to get 0.375 = 0.25X, then divide 0.375 by 0.25 to find X = 1.5 tablets.
Choice B is correct as it represents the calculated dosage.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match the calculated result.
Choice A would result in an overdose, choice C is too small of a dose, and choice D is too high of a dose.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting in preparing an in-service program about preventing medication errors when transcribing a prescription. The nurse is using a dosage example of two tenths of a milligram. Which of the following transcription examples should the nurse use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 0.2 mg. When transcribing a dosage of two tenths of a milligram, it should be written as 0.2 mg to clearly indicate the decimal point.
Choice B (.2 mg) lacks the leading zero before the decimal point, which can be misread as 2 mg.
Choice C (2.0 mg) incorrectly indicates a dosage of 2 mg, not 0.2 mg.
Choice D (0.20 mg) is unnecessarily precise for two tenths of a milligram.
Choices E, F, and G are not provided, making them incorrect by default.
Therefore, option A is the most accurate and clear representation of the dosage of two tenths of a milligram.