ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer nitroglycerine 15 mcg/min by continuous IV infusion. Available is nitroglycerin 25 mg in 250 mL of dextrose 5% in water (D5W). The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the mL/hr rate for nitroglycerin infusion, we need to convert 15 mcg/min to mg/hr. Given 25 mg in 250 mL, we can set up a proportion to find the rate. 15 mcg/min = 15/1000 mg/min = 0.015 mg/min.
Then, 0.015 mg/min x 60 min/hr = 0.9 mg/hr. Next, we find the mL/hr by setting up a proportion: 25 mg/250 mL = 0.9 mg/x mL. Cross multiply to get x = (0.9 * 250) / 25 = 9 mL/hr.
Therefore, the correct answer is A (9 mL/hr).
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated mL/hr rate based on the dosage and concentration provided.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrocodone/acetaminophen 5 mg PO every 6 hr for pain. The amount available is hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/500 mg/15 mL elixir. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero. )
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To determine the amount of elixir to administer, we need to set up a proportion using the ratio of available medication to prescribed dose.
Given:
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/500 mg/15 mL = 5 mg/1 dose = x mL
Cross multiply:
7.5 mg * x mL = 5 mg * 15 mL
7.5x = 75
x = 75 / 7.5
x = 10 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of the elixir.
Choice A (1.0 mL) is incorrect as it is too small for the prescribed dose.
Choice B (5 mL) is incorrect as it does not match the calculated amount.
Choice C (15 mL) is incorrect as it does not consider the concentration of the medication.
Question 3 of 5
Calculate the following dosage using ratio and proportions method. Round answers to the nearest tenth. Order: Tegretol 200 mg p.o.t.i.d. Available
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage of Tegretol, use the formula: Desired dose/Available dose = X/1. Start with the desired dose of 200 mg and the available dose of 1 tablet. Cross-multiply to find X: 200/1 = X/200, X = 200. So, the patient needs 200 mg, which is equivalent to 1 tablet. Since the order is for 200 mg p.o.t.i.d (three times a day), the total daily dosage would be 3 tablets.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 2 tabs.
Choice A is incorrect because it doesn't consider the frequency of administration.
Choice C is incorrect as it's less than the calculated dosage.
Choice D is incorrect as it's higher than the calculated dosage.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrocortisone 100 mg IM daily to a client. Available is hydrocortisone 250 mg/2 mL. How many mi should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 0.8 mL.
To determine the correct dose, first, calculate the total volume needed for 100 mg of hydrocortisone using the given concentration (250 mg/2 mL). Set up a proportion: 250 mg is to 2 mL as 100 mg is to X mL. Cross multiply to get 250X = 200, then divide by 250 to find X = 0.8 mL. This calculation ensures the correct dosage is administered.
Choice A (3 mL) is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the calculated dose.
Choice C (8 mL) is incorrect as it is too high of a volume for the dose required.
Choice D (0.08 mL) is incorrect as it is too low of a volume for the dose needed.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is calculating the fluid intake for an infant at the end of an 8-hr shift. For oral intake, the infant had 10 mL of medication, 3 oz of formula, and 2 oz of juice. In addition, the infant had IV fluid infusing at 20 mL/hr via an IV pump. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the clients record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To calculate the total fluid intake for the infant, we first convert the volumes to milliliters for accuracy. The medication is already in mL (10 mL). Convert 3 oz to mL (3 oz ≈ 90 mL) and 2 oz to mL (2 oz ≈ 60 mL). Add these amounts (10 mL + 90 mL + 60 mL) for oral intake = 160 mL. For IV intake, 20 mL/hr × 8 hrs = 160 mL. Add the oral intake and IV intake (160 mL + 160 mL) = 320 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is C (320 mL). Option A (310 mL) is incorrect as it does not account for the IV intake. Option B (390 mL) is incorrect as it overestimates the total intake. Option D (180 mL) is incorrect as it only considers the oral intake, excluding the IV intake.