ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1 mL
Rationale:
Rationale:
To calculate the dose per administration, first convert the child's weight to kg (44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg).
Then multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (20 kg × 6 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day). Divide the total daily dose by the number of doses (120 mg ÷ 3 doses = 40 mg per dose). Finally, divide the dose needed by the concentration of gentamicin available (40 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL = 1 mL per dose).
Therefore, the correct answer is 1 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the accurate calculation derived from the prescription and weight of the child.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports muscle spasms after receiving haloperidol. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benztropine. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms like muscle spasms caused by antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. It works by blocking excess acetylcholine in the brain. Metoprolol (
A) is a beta-blocker used for blood pressure, not muscle spasms. Oxycodone (
C) is an opioid for pain relief. Risperidone (
D) is another antipsychotic, not for treating spasms.
Extract:
Vital Signs Day 1: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F), Blood pressure 124/56 mm Hg, Heart rate 66/min, Respiratory rate 16/min, Oxygen saturation 95% on room air; Day 2: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F), Heart rate 112/min, Respiratory rate 28/min, Blood pressure 148/86 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 90% on room air; Medication Administration Record: Albuterol 2 inhalations every 4 to 6 hr PRN wheezing, Bisacodyl 10 mg suppository daily PRN constipation, Prochlorperazine 10 mg PO 3 to 4 times per day PRN nausea, Morphine 4 mg IV bolus every 4 hr PRN severe pain, Acetaminophen 325 to 650 mg every 4 to 6 hr PRN pain or temperature greater than 38.4° C (101.1° F); Nurses' Notes Day 1: Bilateral breath sounds are clear and present throughout. Client reports pain as 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. Abdomen soft, nondistended, bowel sounds hypoactive. Client has a history of asthma. Day 2: Respirations rapid and shallow. Bilateral breath sounds with scattered wheezing. Client reports pain as 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. Client reports no nausea or constipation. Abdomen soft, nondistended, bowel sounds audible.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse should contribute to the plan of care by administering _______ and ______ to the client.
Correct Answer: B, C
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Albuterol) and C (Morphine). Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for treating respiratory conditions like asthma by opening up the airways. Morphine is an opioid analgesic for managing severe pain. The nurse's role includes administering these medications based on the client's needs and the healthcare provider's prescriptions. Prochlorperazine (
A) is an antiemetic for nausea and vomiting, not relevant here. Bisacodyl (
D) is a laxative for constipation, not related to the client's current care needs. Acetaminophen (E) is a pain reliever, but not as potent as morphine for severe pain.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for valproic acid. The nurse should review which of the following baseline laboratory values prior to administering the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver function tests. Valproic acid is known to cause hepatotoxicity, so it is crucial to assess the client's baseline liver function before administering the medication to monitor for any potential liver damage. Arterial blood gases (
A) are not directly related to valproic acid therapy. Troponin levels (
C) are used to assess for cardiac muscle damage, which is not a common side effect of valproic acid. Blood glucose levels (
D) are not directly impacted by valproic acid.
Therefore, baseline liver function tests are the most important laboratory value to review before administering valproic acid.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for alendronate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will take this medication right before I go to bed." Alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning with a full glass of water, then the patient should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking it to prevent esophageal irritation and optimize absorption. Taking it before bed increases the risk of esophageal issues.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because drinking orange juice, remaining seated for 30 minutes, and taking the medication just once a month do not align with the correct administration instructions for alendronate.