ATI LPN Pharmacology safety

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is preparing to administer enteric-coated aspirin to an older adult client who had a cerebrovascular accident and has difficulty swallowing medications. The client asks the nurse if she will crush the medication to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A. Stomach acid will inactivate some of the medication if I crush the medication.B. If I crush it you might experience a stomach ache or indigestion.C. That would release all the medication at once, rather than over time.D. I will crush it and mix it in some ice cream for you.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Crushing enteric-coated aspirin would cause the medication to be released all at once, potentially leading to side effects and reducing its intended effectiveness.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse administers the wrong medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

A. Notify the charge nurse.B. Fill out an incident reportC. Document the client's condition in the electronic medical recordD. Check the client's vital signs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Checking the client's vital signs first helps determine if the client is experiencing any negative effects from the medication error, ensuring immediate safety.

Question 3 of 5

A nurse administered nitroglycerin sublingually to a client who has angina pectoris and experienced chest pain. The client states that his chest pain is relieved but now he has a headache. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

A. A headache is a common adverse effect of this medication, but it will probably occur less often over time.B. It sounds as if you are allergic to this medication.C. Your headache is probably a result of anxiety about the chest pain.D. A headache indicates tolerance to the medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Headaches are a common side effect of nitroglycerin due to vasodilation, and they often diminish with continued use.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is preparing to administer enteric-coated aspirin to an older adult client who had a cerebrovascular accident and has difficulty swallowing medications. The client asks the nurse if she will crush the medication to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A. Stomach acid will inactivate some of the medication if I crush the medication.B. If I crush it you might experience a stomach ache or indigestion.C. That would release all the medication at once, rather than over time.D. I will crush it and mix it in some ice cream for you.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Crushing enteric-coated aspirin would cause the medication to be released all at once, potentially leading to side effects and reducing its intended effectiveness.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client with bacterial conjunctivitis of the right eye, and a prescription for an antibiotic ophthalmic ointment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A. Always wipe from the outer to the inner canthus when wiping away secretions.B. Use a sterile glove and applicator to apply the antibiotic ointment.C. Apply the ointment in a thin line into the conjunctival sac.D. Keep your eye open for 30 sec after instilling the ointment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The ointment should be applied in a thin line into the conjunctival sac to ensure proper delivery and absorption of the medication.

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