ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client who has gonorrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use the Z-track technique to administer the medication. The Z-track technique is recommended for IM injections in clients with infectious conditions such as gonorrhea to prevent leakage of the medication into surrounding tissues. By using the Z-track technique, the nurse displaces the skin and subcutaneous tissue before injecting the medication, creating a zig-zag path that seals the medication in the muscle. This technique reduces the risk of irritation, staining, or abscess formation. Injecting the medication 5 cm from the umbilicus (choice
A) is not specific to the Z-track technique and may not prevent leakage. Aspirating prior to injection (choice
C) is important to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel but is not directly related to the Z-track technique. Using a 27-gauge needle (choice
D) is a specific detail that may or may not be relevant to the Z-track technique.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is administering spironolactone at 0800 to a client who has heart failure. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that helps the body retain potassium.
Therefore, monitoring for hyperkalemia is essential as spironolactone can increase potassium levels in the blood. Hypernatremia (choice
A) is unlikely because spironolactone is a diuretic that promotes sodium excretion. Hypophosphatemia (choice
C) and hypocalcemia (choice
D) are not typically associated with spironolactone use. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent potential cardiac arrhythmias and other complications in clients with heart failure.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to start therapy with insulin lispro and insulin glargine. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take insulin lispro right before a meal. Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that should be administered within 15 minutes before or immediately after a meal to control postprandial blood glucose levels effectively. Mixing insulins in the same syringe (
A) is not recommended as it can affect their action. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that is usually given once a day (
B), not twice. Shaking insulin vials (
C) can cause foaming and affect the insulin's potency. It is important to administer insulin lispro in relation to meals to optimize its glucose-lowering effects.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing data for a client who receives clonidine daily. Which of the following findings indicates the nurse should withhold the next dose?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood pressure 88/50 mm Hg. A low blood pressure reading indicates hypotension, a potential side effect of clonidine. Withholding the next dose is necessary to prevent further lowering of blood pressure. Urine output, heart rate, and blood glucose levels are not direct indicators of clonidine's effects. High heart rate could be a sign of rebound hypertension, but low blood pressure takes precedence.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who received naloxone to counteract the effects of an opioid overdose. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased respiratory rate. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioids, such as respiratory depression.
Therefore, an increased respiratory rate indicates that the naloxone is effectively counteracting the opioid's depressive effects on the client's breathing. This is a crucial sign of improvement in the client's condition.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Increased temperature is not directly related to the effectiveness of naloxone in reversing opioid overdose.
B: Decreased blood pressure may not be a reliable indicator of naloxone effectiveness as it can be influenced by various factors.
D: Report of decreased pain is not a specific indicator of naloxone effectiveness in reversing opioid overdose.