ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose of amoxicillin for the child, we first need to find the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day. Since the dose is divided equally every 8 hours, we divide the total daily dose by 3 to get the dose for each 8-hour interval: 1500 mg/day ÷ 3 = 500 mg every 8 hours. Next, we convert 500 mg to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension: 250 mg/5 mL = 500 mg/x mL. Cross multiply and solve for x, we get x = 10 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of amoxicillin with each dose. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation process or do not result in the accurate dose required for the child's weight.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking epoetin alfa for 3 months. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hgb (hemoglobin). Epoetin alfa is a medication used to treat anemia by stimulating red blood cell production. Monitoring the hemoglobin levels helps determine the effectiveness of the medication in increasing red blood cells. Hemoglobin reflects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, so an increase in hemoglobin levels indicates a positive response to the medication. Troponin (
B) is a marker for heart damage, unrelated to epoetin alfa. Thyroxine (
C) and AST (
D) are not relevant to monitoring the effectiveness of epoetin alfa.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who has been taking levothyroxine to treat hypothyroidism. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking which of the following over-the-counter medications within 4 hr of taking levothyroxine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium supplements. Calcium can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine, reducing its effectiveness. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking calcium supplements within 4 hours of taking levothyroxine to ensure proper absorption.
A: Fish oil supplements do not interfere with levothyroxine absorption.
B: Bulk-forming laxatives do not interfere with levothyroxine absorption.
C: Oral antihistamines do not interfere with levothyroxine absorption.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for benazepril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Make sure to change positions slowly. This instruction is important because benazepril, as an ACE inhibitor, can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting when changing positions quickly. By advising the client to change positions slowly, the nurse helps prevent potential falls or injuries.
Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with benazepril.
Choice C is incorrect because developing a cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors, and discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider could be harmful.
Choice D is incorrect as using salt substitutes can lead to increased potassium levels when taking benazepril, which can be dangerous.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the development of an in-service about the varicella vaccine. The nurse should include which of the following examples as a contraindication for receiving the vaccine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A client who is pregnant. Varicella vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of harm to the fetus. The live attenuated vaccine may pose a theoretical risk of causing harm to the developing fetus. It is recommended that women avoid becoming pregnant for at least one month after receiving the varicella vaccine.
A: Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine. In fact, breastfeeding is encouraged after receiving the vaccine.
B: Having an allergy to latex is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
C: Having a sinus infection is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
E, F, G: No information given, so they cannot be evaluated.