ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first, determine the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day.
Then, divide this by the number of doses per day (3) to get 500 mg per dose. Next, convert this to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension (250 mg/5 mL). 500 mg ÷ 250 mg/5 mL = 10 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is 10 mL.
Choice A is incorrect as it doesn't follow the correct calculation steps.
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not accurately calculate the correct dose based on the child's weight and the concentration of the oral suspension.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who was admitted for diazepam toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity, such as diazepam. Administering Flumazenil in this case can help reverse the sedative and respiratory depressive effects of diazepam.
Incorrect choices:
A: Vitamin K is used for blood clotting disorders, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
B: Calcium gluconate is used for treating calcium deficiencies, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
C: Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not benzodiazepines.
In summary, Flumazenil is the appropriate choice to counter diazepam toxicity by antagonizing its effects on benzodiazepine receptors, while the other options are unrelated to managing benzodiazepine toxicity.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular insulin 4 units and NPH insulin 10 units subcutaneously to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inject 4 units of air into the regular insulin vial. This action is done to prevent negative pressure in the vial, making it easier to withdraw the correct dose of insulin. By injecting air first, the nurse ensures that the exact amount of insulin can be withdrawn accurately without causing any damage to the vial or affecting the dose.
Choice A is incorrect as injecting air into the NPH insulin vial is not necessary before drawing up the insulin.
Choice B is incorrect as drawing up the NPH insulin before preparing the regular insulin would be out of sequence.
Choice D is incorrect as drawing up the regular insulin before injecting air into the vial could lead to difficulty in withdrawing the correct dose.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for alendronate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will take this medication right before I go to bed." Alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, in the morning, at least 30 minutes before the first food, drink, or medication of the day. Taking it before bed ensures the client has an empty stomach.
Choice A is incorrect because orange juice can interfere with alendronate absorption.
Choice B is incorrect as sitting upright for 30 minutes after taking the medication is the recommended action.
Choice D is incorrect as alendronate is typically taken weekly, not monthly.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking high doses of aspirin to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following findings indicates that the client has salicylism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tinnitus. Salicylism is a toxic condition caused by high levels of salicylates, such as aspirin, in the body. Tinnitus is a common early sign of salicylism due to its ototoxic effects on the auditory nerve. Nuchal rigidity, pharyngitis, and pruritus are not typically associated with salicylism. Nuchal rigidity is more indicative of meningitis, pharyngitis suggests a throat infection, and pruritus is itching which is not specific to salicylism.
Therefore, tinnitus is the most relevant finding in this context.