ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 30 mg/kg/day divided doses every 12 hr to a toddler who weighs 33 lb. Available is amoxicillin 200 mg/5 mL suspension. How many mL should the nurse administer every 12 hr? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dose for the toddler, first convert the weight from pounds to kilograms (33 lb ÷ 2.2 = 15 kg).
Then, calculate the total daily dose (30 mg/kg/day x 15 kg = 450 mg/day). Divide this total by 2 for the dose every 12 hours (450 mg/day ÷ 2 = 225 mg). Next, determine how many mL of the suspension are needed to deliver 225 mg of amoxicillin. Since the suspension is 200 mg/5 mL, you would administer 225 mg ÷ 200 mg = 1.125 mL every 12 hours. Rounding to the nearest tenth, the answer is 1.1, which when rounded to the nearest tenth is 5.6 mL.
Choice B is correct because it provides the accurate dosage based on the weight and concentration of the suspension.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately calculate the dosage needed for
Question 2 of 5
Order: diphenhydramine 25 mg PO q6h, PRN Available: diphenhydramine 12.5 mg/5 mL. How many mL would the nurse give?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 10 mL.
To calculate the mL needed, first determine how many mg are needed per dose (25 mg).
Then, use the available concentration (12.5 mg/5 mL) to set up a proportion: 25 mg = x mL. Cross multiply to find x = 10 mL. Other choices are incorrect due to incorrect calculations or misinterpretation of the available concentration.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) 100 mL/V to infuse over 4 hr. The drip factor of the manual IV tubing is 60 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the drip rate, we first convert the total volume to mL per minute: 100mL / 240 minutes = 25 mL/min.
Then, we multiply the mL per minute by the drip factor (60 gtt/mL): 25 mL/min * 60 gtt/mL = 1500 gtt/min.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 25 gtt/min.
Choice A is incorrect as it miscalculates the total gtt/min.
Choices C and D are also incorrect due to inaccurate calculations.
Question 4 of 5
Which product is the antidote for digitalis toxicity?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Digoxin immune fab. Digoxin immune fab is a specific antidote for digitalis toxicity as it binds to digoxin, the active ingredient in digitalis, and helps in its elimination from the body. Gamma globulin (
A) is not an antidote for digitalis toxicity. Cardizem (
B) is a calcium channel blocker and not used as an antidote for digitalis toxicity. Protamine (
C) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not digitalis toxicity. It is important to choose the correct antidote to ensure effective treatment for digitalis toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
Order: ceftriaxone 2 g in 100 mL of 0.9% NaCI (normal saline solution) over 30 minutes Available: Macro drip set: 15 gtt/mL Calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV flow rate, we first need to determine the total volume to be infused over 30 minutes. Given 2g in 100mL, we have 100mL to infuse. Using the formula: (Volume to infuse in mL ÷ Time in minutes) × Drip factor = IV flow rate in gtt/min. Substituting the values, (100mL ÷ 30 min) × 15 gtt/mL = 50 gtt/min.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 50 gtt/min. Option B (15 gtt/min) is incorrect as it does not consider the total volume and drip factor. Option C (10 gtt/min) is incorrect as it underestimates the flow rate. Option D (100 gtt/min) is incorrect as it overestimates the flow rate.