PN Fundamentals Exam

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication from an ampule. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take?

A. Use a filter needle to aspirate the medication B. Add 0.5 ml of diluent to the medication C. Cleanse the tip of the ampule with an alcohol swab after opening D. Inject air into the ampule prior to drawing the medication into a syringe

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A filter needle prevents glass shards from entering the syringe, critical for safety.
Choice B is incorrect as adding diluent alters the pre-measured dose.
Choice C is incorrect since cleansing post-opening doesn’t address glass contamination and the interior is sterile.
Choice D is incorrect as injecting air isn’t standard and could compromise the medication.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a laminectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when repositioning the client?

A. Place the bed in the lowest position before logrolling the client. B. Place the client in semi-Fowler's position prior to logrolling. C. Place the client's arms above her head prior to logrolling. D. Place a pillow between the client's legs prior to logrolling.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Placing a pillow between the legs maintains spinal alignment and reduces pressure on the surgical site during logrolling, essential post-laminectomy.
Choice A isn’t directly relevant to logrolling safety.
Choice B isn’t necessary as semi-Fowler’s isn’t used for logrolling.
Choice C is incorrect as arms above the head don’t aid alignment and may stress the site.

Question 3 of 5

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a laminectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when repositioning the client?

A. Place the bed in the lowest position before logrolling the client. B. Place the client in semi-Fowler's position prior to logrolling. C. Place the client's arms above her head prior to logrolling. D. Place a pillow between the client's legs prior to logrolling.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A pillow between the legs supports spinal alignment and minimizes surgical site stress during logrolling.
Choice A doesn’t enhance logrolling safety.
Choice B is irrelevant as semi-Fowler’s isn’t part of logrolling.
Choice C risks misalignment and isn’t recommended.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has urinary incontinence. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Training the bladder by voiding every 5 hr. B. Applying adult diapers at bedtime C. Performing pelvic-muscle exercises D. Drinking citrus juice with meals

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Performing pelvic-muscle exercises (Kegels) strengthens bladder support, improving incontinence.
Choice A is incorrect as a fixed 5-hour interval isn’t tailored to individual needs.
Choice B manages symptoms but doesn’t improve the condition.
Choice D is incorrect as citrus juice can irritate the bladder, worsening symptoms.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about fecal occult blood testing with a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Discontinue supplements containing vitamin C 24 hr. before the test B. Refrain from consuming pork 7 days before the test C. Place a thick layer of stool on the specimen card D. Urinate prior to collecting the stool specimen

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Urinating prior to collection prevents urine contamination of the stool sample, ensuring test accuracy.
Choice A is incorrect as vitamin C typically doesn’t affect this test unless specified.
Choice B is unnecessary as pork doesn’t universally impact results.
Choice C is incorrect; a small sample is sufficient, and excess can skew results.

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