ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 0/9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) 20ml/kg IV tp infuse over 6 hr to a school-age child who weighs 55 lbs. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many ml/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To calculate the IV rate, first convert the child's weight from pounds to kg: 55 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 25 kg.
Then, calculate the total fluid volume needed: 20 ml/kg x 25 kg = 500 ml. Next, determine the infusion time in hours: 6 hours. Finally, divide the total volume by the infusion time to get the rate: 500 ml ÷ 6 hr ≈ 83 ml/hr.
Therefore, the correct answer is D (83 mL/hr) because it accurately calculates the infusion rate based on the child's weight and the desired infusion time. Other choices are incorrect as they don't follow the correct calculation method or provide inaccurate results.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is stated correctly using metric abbreviations and rules?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ampicillin 500 mg. This is the correct format following metric abbreviations and rules. In the metric system, lowercase letters are used for units, and uppercase letters are used for prefixes. The value (500) comes before the unit (mg), and there should be a space between the number and the unit.
Choice B has the incorrect order of value and unit.
Choice C uses uppercase letters for the unit, which is incorrect.
Choice D is not necessary to include the decimal point and zero for whole numbers.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer phenobarbital 6 mg/kg/day PO divided in equal doses every 12 hr to a client who weighs 44 lbs. Available is phenobarbital elixir 20 mg/5ml. The nurse should administer how many mL per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use trailing zeros.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first convert the client's weight from lbs to kg: 44 lbs / 2.2 = 20 kg.
Then, multiply the weight by the dose: 20 kg x 6 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day. Since the dose is divided every 12 hours, the nurse should administer 60 mg every 12 hours. Now, determine how many mL of the elixir contain 60 mg: 20 mg/5 mL = 60 mg/x mL. Cross multiply to find x: 20x = 300. Solve for x: x = 300/20 = 15 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 15 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the client's weight and the concentration of the elixir.
Question 4 of 5
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used for what type of patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: D - Patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: LMWH is commonly used for the treatment and prevention of conditions such as DVT due to its ability to inhibit blood clot formation. Patients with DVT benefit from LMWH as it helps prevent the clot from growing larger or breaking off and traveling to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A: Patients with hypertension - LMWH is not indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
B: Patients with asthma - LMWH is not indicated for the treatment of asthma.
C: Patients with diabetes - LMWH is not specifically indicated for the treatment of diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
A common complication of using thrombolytic drugs S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bleeding. Thrombolytic drugs work by dissolving blood clots, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding as they break down the clots. This is a well-known and serious complication associated with thrombolytic therapy. Nausea, hypertension, and fever are not common complications of thrombolytic drugs. Bleeding is a critical consideration due to the potential for serious consequences such as hemorrhage.
Therefore, it is crucial to monitor patients closely for signs of bleeding when using thrombolytic drugs.