ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing a 4-year-old child for discharge following a bilateral myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement. The mother asks what to do if the tubes fall out. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the parent?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is not advisable for a parent to attempt to reinsert the tubes if they fall out. This could potentially cause harm to the child's ear. If the tubes fall out, the parent should call the healthcare clinic to report this. The healthcare provider can then decide on the appropriate next steps. It is not accurate to reassure the mother that the tubes will not fall out. Tympanostomy tubes are designed to fall out on their own after a certain period of time. Taking the child to an emergency department is not necessary unless there are signs of infection or other complications.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care of an unconscious adolescent who ingested a non-corrosive substance that has no recommended antidote. The nurse should recommend performing gastric lavage with which of the following substances?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Activated charcoal is often used in the management of poisoning. It works by binding to the poison in the stomach and preventing it from being absorbed into the body. Osmotic diarrheal agents are not typically used in gastric lavage. These agents work by increasing the amount of water in the intestinal tract, which can stimulate bowel movements. Syrup of ipecac was once used to induce vomiting in cases of poisoning, but it is no longer recommended for use in poisoning cases. 0.9% sodium chloride, or normal saline, is a type of fluid that's often used in medical treatments, but it's not typically used in gastric lavage for poisoning.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has intussusception. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus and blood in stools, often described as 'currant jelly' stools, are a common symptom of intussusception. Increased appetite is not typically associated with intussusception. In fact, children with this condition may experience decreased appetite due to abdominal pain. Jaundice is not a symptom of intussusception. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, is more commonly associated with liver conditions. Drooling is not a typical symptom of intussusception. Symptoms of intussusception are primarily gastrointestinal, including abdominal pain and bloody stools.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement from a parent of a 1-month-old infant undergoing initial surgery for Hirschsprung's disease indicates understanding of the surgery's goal?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The goal of surgery for Hirschsprung disease is to remove the diseased section of the intestine and then pull the healthy portion of this organ down to the anus. This is typically achieved through a type of surgery called a pull-through procedure. In some cases, doctors recommend ostomy surgery of the bowel followed by a pull-through procedure. During ostomy surgery, surgeons create a stoma on a child's abdomen and connect the stoma to the large or small intestine. After ostomy surgery, waste will leave the child's body through the stoma. The stoma is usually temporary. In most cases, surgeons can later close the stoma and connect the healthy part of the intestine to the anus. Waste will move through the intestines, and stool will pass through the anus again.
Therefore, the statement 'I'm glad that the ostomy is only temporary' indicates understanding of the surgery's goal. The operation for Hirschsprung's disease does not involve straightening out a kink in the intestine. Instead, it involves removing the part of the large intestine that is missing nerve cells and then connecting the healthy part of the large intestine to the anus. The use of a feeding tube is not typically associated with the initial surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. The surgery involves removing the diseased section of the intestine and then pulling the healthy portion of this organ down to the anus. While the ultimate goal of the surgery is to enable normal bowel movements, it is important to note that about half of children may have ongoing problems after surgery. These problems may include constipation and, in some cases, other symptoms of intestinal obstruction, such as a swollen abdomen or vomiting.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about manifestations of hypoglycemia with an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid respirations are not typically a manifestation of hypoglycemia. They are more commonly associated with conditions that cause metabolic acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Diminished reflexes are not a typical manifestation of hypoglycemia. They may be seen in conditions affecting the nervous system. Acetone breath is not a manifestation of hypoglycemia. It is a sign of ketoacidosis, which is a complication of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Diaphoresis, or sweating, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia. The body produces sweat as part of the sympathetic nervous system's response to hypoglycemia.