ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who received naloxone to counteract the effects of an opioid overdose. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased respiratory rate. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioids, such as respiratory depression.
Therefore, an increased respiratory rate indicates that the naloxone is effectively counteracting the opioid's depressive effects on the client's breathing. This is a crucial sign of improvement in the client's condition.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Increased temperature is not directly related to the effectiveness of naloxone in reversing opioid overdose.
B: Decreased blood pressure may not be a reliable indicator of naloxone effectiveness as it can be influenced by various factors.
D: Report of decreased pain is not a specific indicator of naloxone effectiveness in reversing opioid overdose.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who received levalbuterol 30 min ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a therapeutic effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wheezing decreases. Levalbuterol is a bronchodilator used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma by relaxing the muscles in the airways, leading to decreased wheezing and improved breathing. This is the therapeutic effect of the medication.
Choice B (Respiratory rate increases) is incorrect as levalbuterol would actually lead to a decrease in respiratory rate due to improved air flow.
Choice C (Nausea decreases) is incorrect as levalbuterol does not directly impact nausea.
Choice D (Heart rate increases) is also incorrect as levalbuterol is a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist, which would primarily affect the lungs and not necessarily the heart rate.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to identify a client prior to medication administration. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to determine the client's identity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Is your name Sarah Jones?" This question directly confirms the client's identity by asking for their name. It is a standard and reliable method to ensure the right medication is given to the right person.
Choices A, B, and D do not directly confirm the client's identity and are not specific to the individual. Asking for a phone number (
A) or room number (
B) can lead to errors if multiple clients share the same information. Inquiring about age (
D) is not unique enough to guarantee accurate identification.
Question 4 of 5
A charge nurse is evaluating a newly licensed nurse caring for a client who is using a PCA device. Which of the following actions by the nurse requires intervention by the charge nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because only the client should administer the PCA dose using the device. This is a safety measure to prevent medication errors and ensure the client is in control of their pain management. Asking the client to demonstrate dose delivery (
A) is appropriate for education. Reassuring the client about overdose risk (
C) is important for patient understanding. Monitoring for oversedation (
D) is a crucial nursing responsibility.
Choices E, F, and G are not provided, so they are not applicable to this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As individuals age, there is a natural decline in renal function, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and reduced renal blood flow. This results in medications being cleared from the body at a slower rate, leading to potential drug accumulation and increased risk of adverse effects.
Choice B is incorrect because hepatic enzyme activity actually decreases with age, leading to a slower metabolism of medications rather than processing them more rapidly.
Choice C is incorrect as aging can lead to increased sensitivity to medications rather than decreased sensitivity due to changes in receptor function.
Choice D is incorrect as gastric emptying rate typically decreases with age, leading to delayed absorption of medications rather than an increase in rate.