ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chills. Febrile nonhemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion is characterized by the sudden onset of chills and fever. This occurs due to the recipient's immune system reacting to donor leukocytes. Dyspnea (
A) is more indicative of acute hemolytic reaction. Urticaria (
B) is associated with allergic reactions. Vomiting (
C) is not typically a sign of a febrile reaction. In summary, chills are the most specific finding for a febrile nonhemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who states she recently started taking garlic as an herbal supplement. The nurse should advise the client to stop taking garlic due to a potential reaction with which of the following client medications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Warfarin. Garlic can interact with warfarin, a blood thinner, increasing the risk of bleeding. The nurse should advise the client to stop taking garlic to avoid potential dangerous interactions. Warfarin is metabolized by the liver, and garlic may interfere with its effectiveness, leading to an increased risk of bleeding episodes. Other choices (B, C,
D) do not have documented interactions with garlic that pose significant risks like warfarin. It is crucial to consider potential herb-drug interactions to ensure client safety and optimal treatment outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for morphine 4 mg IM stat. The medication is dispensed in a 5 mg/mL prefilled syringe. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Discard the excess medication with a second nurse as a witness. This is the appropriate action to take because the prescribed dose is 4 mg, and the prefilled syringe contains 5 mg/mL.
To accurately administer the correct dose, the nurse should discard the excess medication in the presence of another nurse as a witness to ensure proper disposal and documentation. Injecting the prescribed dose and saving the rest for later (
B) is incorrect as it goes against safe medication practices. Disposing of the excess medication in the sharps container (
C) is not the correct action for a medication that could potentially be used by another patient. Giving the full contents of the prefilled syringe (
D) would result in an overdose.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin 5 mg/kg subcutaneous daily to a client who has deep-vein thrombosis. The client weighs 152 lb. Available is 120 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe. Calculate the dosage in mL that the nurse should administer. (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage in mL for enoxaparin, we first need to convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms. 152 lb is approximately 69 kg (1 kg = 2.2 lb).
Then, we multiply the weight (69 kg) by the prescribed dose (5 mg/kg) to get the total dose required per day. This results in 345 mg/day. Since the prefilled syringe is 120 mg/0.8 mL, we divide the total dose required (345 mg) by the amount in one syringe (120 mg) to get the number of syringes needed. This equates to 2.875 syringes, which we can round to 2.9 syringes. Finally, to find the dosage in mL, we multiply the number of syringes (2.9) by the volume in each syringe (0.8 mL), which equals 2.32 mL. Rounding to the nearest
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular and NPH insulin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Withdraw the NPH insulin last. This is important to prevent contamination of the regular insulin with NPH insulin. NPH insulin is cloudy and should be gently mixed before withdrawal to ensure uniform suspension. Injecting air into the regular vial helps with withdrawing the correct amount without creating a vacuum, but it should be done after withdrawing NPH insulin. Mixing the medications in one syringe can alter their effectiveness. Administering in two separate syringes may lead to dosing errors.