ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who has diabetes mellitus and a glucose level of 384 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased respiratory rate (Kussmaul breathing) compensates for metabolic acidosis in hyperglycemia, as the body tries to eliminate excess acid.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for furosemide. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ringing in ears (tinnitus) is a sign of furosemide ototoxicity; rhinitis and metallic taste aren't typical.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client who has a history of urinary tract infections. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinating before and after sexual intercourse flushes bacteria from the urethra, a primary UTI prevention strategy, especially in women due to their shorter urethra. Milk consumption may alkalinize urine, but this doesn't prevent infection cranberry juice is more evidence-based, reducing bacterial adhesion. Vaginal douching disrupts normal flora, increasing UTI risk by promoting pathogen growth, contrary to hygiene goals. Emptying the bladder every 6 hours helps, but more frequent voiding (e.g., every 2-3 hours) is ideal; post-coital urination targets the key risk moment. This instruction empowers the client to reduce recurrence, aligns with urologic recommendations, and addresses a common trigger, making it the most effective teaching point.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has iron-deficiency anemia. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods has the highest iron content?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ground beef has the highest iron content (about 2.7 mg/3 oz) among these options, making it best for iron-deficiency anemia.
Extract:
Vital Signs
1000:
Temperature 37° C (98.6° F)
Blood pressure 132/60 mm Hg right arm supine
Blood pressure 118/60 mm Hg right arm sitting
Blood pressure 102/50 mm Hg right arm standing
Heart rate 108/min
Respiratory rate 24/min
Pulse oximetry 94% on room air
History and Physical
1000:
Client reports generalized weakness and increased fatigue over the past few months.
Client states they become short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs and are having difficulty keeping up with their grandchildren.
History of rheumatoid arthritis. Reports taking naproxen 500 mg twice a day.
Client reports they follow a vegan diet.
Denies pain or discomfort.
Bilateral breath sounds clear and present throughout.
Mucous membranes pale.
Apical pulse rapid, regular.
Nurses' Notes
1100:
Reinforced education about iron supplements and dietary recommendations.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following 3 statements indicate the client understands the instructions? (Iron deficiency anemia)
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Green leafy vegetables provide iron, black stools are a side effect, and taking it before meals enhances absorption.