ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is initiating the use of a continuous passive motion (CPM) device for a client following a total knee arthroplasty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aligning the client's joints with the CPM frame ensures proper movement and prevents injury. Flexion/extension should be preset by the provider, padding isn't typically needed, and high-Fowler's position is inappropriate for this therapy.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has cardiomyopathy and is experiencing sensory overload. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breaking care into small, frequent sessions reduces sensory overload by minimizing stimulation. Open blinds, proximity to the station, and music could worsen overload in cardiomyopathy.
Extract:
Nurses Notes
Day 1:
Client brought to the emergency department (ED) following a fall that occurred while downhill skiing. Client states they fell when turning to avoid hitting another skier. Client reports feeling a severe, sudden pain of right leg upon falling. Right leg was immobilized at the scene and client transported to the ED.
Client states they were wearing a helmet while skiing. Client reports no headache or loss of consciousness.
Client reports pain as 10 on a scale of 0 to 10 to the right lower leg just below the knee and is unable to bear weight.
Right proximal tibia ecchymotic and swollen below the knee. Area is painful to touch. Open area noted on skin with bone visible. Right knee appears displaced. Left pedal pulses 3+, foot warm with intact movement and sensation. Right pedal pulses 1+, foot cool to palpation with minimal movement and reduced sensation.
Vital Signs
Day 1:
Temperature 36° C (96.8° F)
Blood pressure 140/80 mm Hg
Heart rate 98/min
Respiratory rate 24/min
Oxygen saturation 97% on room air
Day 2, 0800:
Temperature 37° C (98.6° F)
Blood pressure 122/60 mm Hg
Heart rate 85/min
Respiratory rate 18/min
Oxygen saturation 98% on room air
Question 3 of 5
The first action the nurse should take is to followed by (Postoperative tibia fixation)
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Notifying the provider is urgent for complications like compartment syndrome, followed by elevation to reduce swelling.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a health clinic is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following information in the client's history increases her risk for osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactose intolerance limits calcium intake, a key risk factor for osteoporosis; gardening and walking are protective, and moderate wine has minimal impact.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client who has AIDS. The nurse should instruct the newly licensed nurse to clean spills of the client's blood with a solution of water and which of the following cleaning agents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AIDS, caused by HIV, requires strict infection control due to bloodborne transmission risk. Option C, bleach (typically a 1:10 dilution with water), is correct CDC guidelines recommend it for disinfecting HIV-contaminated surfaces, as it effectively inactivates the virus by denaturing proteins. Option A, isopropyl alcohol, disinfects but isn't the standard for blood spills; it evaporates quickly, potentially leaving viable pathogens. Option B, hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes but lacks evidence as a primary bloodborne pathogen disinfectant compared to bleach. Option D, chlorhexidine, excels for skin antisepsis, not environmental surfaces or blood cleanup. Bleach's broad-spectrum efficacy, affordability, and alignment with universal precautions make it the gold standard. Teaching this ensures the new nurse protects themselves and others, adhering to OSHA and hospital protocols, while reinforcing the importance of proper dilution (e.g., 1 part bleach to 9 parts water) for safety and effectiveness.