ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has AIDS and has malnutrition. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A high-calorie diet addresses malnutrition in AIDS by meeting increased metabolic needs. Large meals may be overwhelming, antiemetics are given before meals if needed, and spices may not be tolerated.
Extract:
Vital Signs
1000:
Temperature 37° C (98.6° F)
Blood pressure 132/60 mm Hg right arm supine
Blood pressure 118/60 mm Hg right arm sitting
Blood pressure 102/50 mm Hg right arm standing
Heart rate 108/min
Respiratory rate 24/min
Pulse oximetry 94% on room air
Nurses Notes
1100:
Reinforced education about iron supplements and dietary recommendations.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Client with iron deficiency anemia)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Fiber prevents constipation, vitamin C enhances absorption, and empty stomach improves uptake; antacids and dairy reduce absorption.
Extract:
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client who has a history of urinary tract infections. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinating before and after sexual intercourse flushes bacteria from the urethra, a primary UTI prevention strategy, especially in women due to their shorter urethra. Milk consumption may alkalinize urine, but this doesn't prevent infection cranberry juice is more evidence-based, reducing bacterial adhesion. Vaginal douching disrupts normal flora, increasing UTI risk by promoting pathogen growth, contrary to hygiene goals. Emptying the bladder every 6 hours helps, but more frequent voiding (e.g., every 2-3 hours) is ideal; post-coital urination targets the key risk moment. This instruction empowers the client to reduce recurrence, aligns with urologic recommendations, and addresses a common trigger, making it the most effective teaching point.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client who has AIDS. The nurse should instruct the newly licensed nurse to clean spills of the client's blood with a solution of water and which of the following cleaning agents?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 1:10 bleach solution is the standard for decontaminating blood spills in AIDS care, effectively killing HIV. Other agents are less effective against bloodborne pathogens.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse enters a client's room and sees smoke coming from the trash can next to the client's bed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a fire emergency, the RACE protocol (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish) guides nursing actions, prioritizing safety. Option C is correct removing the client from the room first ensures their immediate safety from smoke inhalation or burns, the primary risk in this scenario. Option A, pulling the alarm, is crucial but secondary; the client's life takes precedence over alerting others. Option B, obtaining an extinguisher, delays rescue and assumes the nurse can safely fight the fire, which may not be feasible with smoke present. Option D, closing the door, helps contain the fire but traps the client in danger if done first. Rescuing the client aligns with the ethical duty to protect life, addresses the imminent threat of smoke (a leading cause of fire-related death), and allows subsequent steps (alarm, containment) to follow safely. This sequence reflects standard fire safety training and hospital policy, making it the nurse's first action.