ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who reports difficulty eating due to chronic arthritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic arthritis often impairs hand dexterity and grip strength, making self-feeding challenging. Option A, a pureed diet, addresses swallowing issues, not arthritis-related difficulties with utensils, so it's irrelevant here. Option B, having assistive personnel feed the client, undermines independence and dignity without addressing the root issue of utensil handling. Option C, physical therapy, may improve joint function long-term but doesn't provide immediate help for eating. Option D is correct applying foam handles increases utensil girth, improving grip for arthritic hands, promoting self-feeding and autonomy. This intervention directly tackles the physical limitation caused by arthritis, aligning with nursing goals of enhancing quality of life and independence. It's practical, cost-effective, and can be implemented quickly, offering immediate relief while other therapies (like PT) work in the background. Evidence supports adaptive equipment as a first-line strategy for arthritis patients struggling with daily activities, making this the most appropriate and empowering choice.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a subdural hematoma following a motor-vehicle crash. For which of the following findings should the nurse identify that the client is experiencing an increase in intracranial pressure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Delayed verbal response indicates rising intracranial pressure (ICP) affecting brain function. Ecchymosis and amnesia are hematoma signs, and ringing ears isn't specific to ICP.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer diphenhydramine 25 mg PO every 6 hr. to an older adult client who has rhinitis. The amount available is diphenhydramine syrup 12.5 mg/5 mL How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10
Rationale: Calculation: (25 mg / 12.5 mg) × 5 mL = 10 mL. This delivers the prescribed dose accurately.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about high-fiber foods with a client at a health fair. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as having the highest fiber content?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fiber content varies widely among foods, and cooked peas top this list. One cup of cooked peas offers about 8-9 grams of fiber, thanks to their legume properties, promoting bowel health and satiety.
Tomato juice (8 oz) has roughly 1-2 grams mostly water, low in bulk. Low-fat strawberry Greek yogurt provides minimal fiber (<1 gram), as dairy lacks it naturally, despite added fruit. A medium banana has about 3 grams, decent but far below peas. Recommending peas educates the client on a nutrient-dense, high-fiber choice, aligning with dietary guidelines (e.g., 25-30 grams daily), supporting digestion, and preventing chronic diseases like diverticulosis, making it the best option to highlight.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new ileostomy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a skin sealant protects the peristomal skin, showing understanding of ileostomy care. Moisturizers can interfere, the wafer should be 1/8 inch larger, and emptying frequency varies but isn't the best indicator here.