ATI LPN
LPN ATI Fundamental Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client has smooth, brown, irregular lesions on the back of each hand - These are likely seborrheic keratoses, which are benign, age-related lesions and do not usually require reporting unless changes suggest malignancy. The presence of glossy, white arches around the periphery of the corneas is a normal finding, known as arcus senilis, which is commonly seen in older adults and not typically a cause for concern. The client reports urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence can be a sign of underlying issues such as a urinary tract infection or neurological disorder, necessitating further evaluation by the provider. A decreased sense of taste is a common age-related change and may not require immediate reporting unless it is associated with other symptoms or significant nutritional issues.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is speaking with a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and a prescription for insulin. The client verbalizes anger about having to take insulin. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking the client why they are angry may come across as confrontational and defensive, potentially escalating the situation. It does not promote open communication or therapeutic rapport. Sharing personal information about diabetes running in the nurse’s family is not relevant to the client’s feelings or concerns and may not be helpful in addressing the client’s anger. Correct. Acknowledging the client’s feelings of anger and offering to sit down and talk provides an opportunity for therapeutic communication. This response demonstrates empathy and a willingness to listen and address the client’s concerns about insulin therapy. While it is true that insulin therapy can help reduce the risk of complications in type 2 diabetes, this response may come across as dismissive of the client’s feelings and concerns. It does not address the emotional aspect of the client’s anger.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a potassium supplement. The client tells the nurse that the pill is too large to swallow and refuses to take it. The nurse offers to break the pill into two smaller pieces. The nurse is demonstrating which of the following ethical principles?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to respecting the client’s right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, even if it differs from the nurse’s recommendation. By offering the client the option to break the pill into two smaller pieces, the nurse is respecting the client’s autonomy and promoting their ability to make regarding their care. Beneficence refers to the nurse’s duty to act in the client’s best interest and promote their wellbeing. In this scenario, the nurse is not necessarily promoting the client’s well-being but rather facilitating their ability to make a decision about the medication. Justice refers to fairness and equal treatment of clients. It is not directly applicable in this scenario. Nonmaleficence refers to the nurse’s duty to do no harm to the client. In this case, breaking the pill into smaller pieces is not harmful to the client; however, it is not the primary ethical principle demonstrated in this situation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is experiencing nausea and vomiting. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as indications that the client has fluid volume deficit. (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale: A: A full bounding pulse is a sign of increased fluid volume or fluid overload, not fluid volume deficit. B: Cool extremities can be an indication of decreased peripheral perfusion, which may occur in fluid volume deficit. C: Moist crackles in the lungs are an indication of fluid volume excess or pulmonary congestion, not fluid volume deficit. D: Orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when changing from lying to standing, can be a sign of fluid volume deficit due to inadequate blood volume. E: Flat neck veins are an indication of decreased venous return and can occur in fluid volume deficit.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client who has heart failure. The nurse should identify which of the following laboratory results as an indication that the client has fluid volume excess.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A urine specific gravity of 1.015 is within the normal range (1.005-1.030). While fluid volume excess may lead to a lower specific gravity due to urine dilution, this value does not indicate fluid overload and is considered normal. A hematocrit level of 42% is within the normal range for adults (men: 38-50%, women: 35-45%). Hematocrit levels tend to decrease in fluid volume excess due to hemodilution, but this value does not suggest fluid overload. A urine pH of 6.5 is within the normal range (4.5-8.0). Urine pH reflects the acid-base balance rather than fluid status and is not a reliable indicator of fluid volume excess. A BUN level of 5 mg/dL is below the normal range (10-20 mg/dL). In fluid volume excess, the dilution of blood plasma can lead to decreased BUN levels. This low BUN value, in conjunction with clinical symptoms, supports the diagnosis of fluid volume excess.