ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has a bladder infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changed mental status is a common sign of a bladder infection (UTI) in older adults, often due to systemic effects of infection. The temperature and WBC count are within normal limits, and diminished reflexes are unrelated to a UTI.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has viral meningitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dimming the lighting reduces photophobia, a common symptom of viral meningitis, improving client comfort. Intake/output and temperature monitoring are useful but less specific, and contact precautions are not typically required for viral meningitis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the partner of a client who has contact precautions in place for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following statements by the partner indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hand washing upon leaving prevents MRSA spread, a key contact precaution. Masks don't suffice, gowns are needed for bathing, and gloves must be fresh each entry.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of a leg wound and is on contact precautions. Which of the following statements by a family member indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gloves should be removed before leaving to prevent contamination spread; MRSA is treatable, can occur outside facilities, and masks aren't required for contact precautions.
Extract:
• Exhibit 1 Exhibit 2 Exhibit 3
• History and Physical
• 1000:
• Client reports generalized weakness and increased fatigue over the past few months.
Client states they become short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs and are having difficulty keeping up with their grandchildren.
History of rheumatoid arthritis. Reports taking naproxen 500 mg twice a day.
Client reports they follow a vegan diet.
Denies pain or discomfort.
Bilateral breath sounds clear and present throughout.
Mucous membranes pale.
Apical pulse rapid, regular.
• For each finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with sickle cell disease, iron deficiency anemia, and/or pernicious anemia. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is assisting in the care of a client. For each finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with sickle cell disease, iron deficiency anemia, and/or pernicious anemia. Which finding is most consistent with iron deficiency anemia?
| Findings | Sicklecell Disease | Iron Deficiency Anemia | PerniciousAnemia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ferritin level | |||
| Fatigue | |||
| Vitamin B level | |||
| Orthostatic hypotension |
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia stems from low iron, reducing hemoglobin synthesis, while sickle cell disease involves abnormal hemoglobin shape, and pernicious anemia results from Bâ‚â‚‚ malabsorption. Ferritin, the iron storage protein, is low in iron deficiency (e.g., <15 ng/mL), directly reflecting depleted reserves, as seen in the vegan client with fatigue and pale mucous membranes from Exhibit 1. Fatigue occurs across all three conditions nonspecific due to reduced oxygen delivery but isn't unique. Vitamin Bâ‚â‚‚ levels drop in pernicious anemia, not iron deficiency, unless dual deficiency exists, which isn't suggested. Orthostatic hypotension could arise in severe anemia from hypovolemia, but it's not specific to iron deficiency over others. Low ferritin aligns with iron deficiency's pathophysiology, distinguishing it from sickle cell's vaso-occlusion or pernicious anemia's megaloblastic changes, making it the most consistent finding per diagnostic criteria.