ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a female client who is postmenopausal. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis risk rises postmenopause due to estrogen loss, but long-term prednisone use accelerates bone loss by inhibiting osteoblast activity and calcium absorption, a well-established glucocorticoid effect. Congenital heart murmur affects circulation, not bone density, unless activity is severely limited, which isn't implied. Vitamin Bâ‚â‚‚ injections treat deficiency, indirectly supporting bone health via red cell production, not increasing risk. Kidney stones relate to calcium metabolism but don't directly cause osteoporosis unless chronic disease alters bone remodeling, an uncommon link here. Prednisone's impact is direct, dose-dependent, and significant often warranting bisphosphonates making it the standout risk factor to identify, per osteoporosis screening guidelines (e.g., NOF), for preventive planning.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting admission history data from a client who is in a semi-private room. Which of the following data is the priority for the nurse to address?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recent TB exposure is the priority due to infection risk to others in a semi-private room, requiring immediate isolation precautions.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has late-stage Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Late-stage Alzheimer's reduces mobility, heightening pressure ulcer risk. Turning every 2 hours redistributes weight, preserving skin integrity, a preventive standard (e.g., NPUAP guidelines). Mirrors confuse patients unable to recognize themselves, increasing agitation. Written instructions are futile severe cognitive loss prevents comprehension; physical cues work better. Open-ended questions overwhelm, as verbal ability is minimal; simple prompts suit better. Repositioning addresses a physical priority, reduces complications like infection, and upholds care quality, making it the essential action.
Extract:
NURSES’ NOTES
1000:
Client reports that over the past 2 months they have noticed multiple changes with their body. They have a decrease in activity tolerance, feel tired all the time, and have had difficulty remembering things. The client also states they bruise easily, are experiencing constipation, and they no longer tolerate the cold like they used to.
Client states they are concerned about exposure to seasonal viruses from other patrons.
Reports that they are currently experiencing a headache with a pain of 3 on a scale of 0 to 10.
Actions to Take
• Limit caffeine intake.
• Observe the need to administer sumatriptan.
• Withhold lithium.
Potential Condition
• Influenza
• Lithium toxicity
• Migraine
Parameters to Monitor
• Flashing lights
• Blurred vision
• Chest pain
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client who reports changes in their health over the past 2 months. What condition is the client most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: D, A
Rationale: Symptoms like decreased activity tolerance, fatigue, memory issues, bruising, constipation, and cold intolerance over 2 months suggest hypothyroidism thyroid hormone deficiency slows metabolism, causing systemic effects. Influenza is acute, with fever and respiratory symptoms, not chronic fatigue or bruising. Lithium toxicity includes tremor or confusion, but not cold intolerance or constipation as primary signs. Migraine causes headaches (here, 3/10), but not multisystem changes like bruising or memory loss. Hypothyroidism fits the gradual onset and constellation fatigue from low energy, memory fog from cerebral hypoperfusion, and constipation from sluggish gut motility requiring thyroid function tests (e.g., TSH), making it the most likely condition.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is providing care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease and is agitated. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trazodone, if prescribed, can calm agitation in Alzheimer's safely. Ambulation may help but isn't immediate, isolation can worsen agitation, and restraints are a last resort.