ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who takes furosemide daily for heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urination. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Reviewing and addressing any abnormal potassium levels before administering furosemide is essential for the client's safety.
Choices A, B, and D are unrelated to furosemide therapy for heart failure. Option A (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) measures inflammation and is not directly affected by furosemide. Option B (Thyroxine) is a thyroid hormone level and is not impacted by furosemide use. Option D (Serum aspartate aminotransferase) is a liver enzyme, not typically affected by furosemide.
Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for monitoring before administering furosemide in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who takes NSAIDs routinely to treat osteoarthritis and has a new prescription for misoprostol. The client asks the nurse why he needs the second medication. Which of the following is an appropriate response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Misoprostol will help prevent stomach ulcers, which can develop from taking NSAIDs for a long time. Misoprostol is often prescribed along with NSAIDs to protect the stomach lining and prevent the development of ulcers. NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcers, so misoprostol helps counteract this side effect.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because misoprostol is not used to protect kidney function, boost NSAID effectiveness, or act as an antacid. It specifically targets stomach ulcers related to NSAID use.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who was taking oxycodone four times a day for chronic pain and reports discontinuing the medication 10 days ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insomnia. When oxycodone is discontinued after long-term use, withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia are common due to the body readjusting to not having the medication.
Choice A - Hypotension is unlikely as oxycodone withdrawal typically does not cause low blood pressure.
Choice B - Constricted pupils are associated with opioid use, not withdrawal.
Choice D - Constipation is a common side effect of opioids but not a withdrawal symptom after discontinuation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing oxycodone toxicity. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sedation. Oxycodone is an opioid that can cause central nervous system depression, leading to sedation or drowsiness. Tachypnea (
A) and tachycardia (
D) are more commonly associated with opioid withdrawal or overdose. Dilated pupils (
C) are more indicative of stimulant use or sympathetic nervous system activation. In oxycodone toxicity, the client is more likely to have pinpoint pupils due to the opioid's effects on the parasympathetic nervous system.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is to receive a transfusion of packed RBCs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obtain 0.9% sodium chloride solution for IV infusion. This is the correct action because it is important to prime the IV tubing with a normal saline solution before starting the transfusion to prevent hemolysis of the packed RBCs. Normal saline is isotonic and compatible with most blood products, reducing the risk of adverse reactions.
Choice A is incorrect because packed RBCs should be transfused within 4 hours, not 6 hours.
Choice C is incorrect because filterless IV tubing should not be used for blood transfusions as it can lead to the administration of clots or debris.
Choice D is incorrect because the nurse should remain at the client's bedside for the first 15 minutes of the transfusion, not 5 minutes, to monitor for any immediate adverse reactions.