ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has taken an overdose of oxycodone. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sedation. Oxycodone is a central nervous system depressant, leading to sedation as a common side effect. Tachycardia (
A) and tachypnea (
B) are more commonly seen with stimulants, not depressants like oxycodone. Dilated pupils (
D) are typically associated with stimulant or hallucinogenic drug use. In summary, sedation is the expected finding due to the depressant nature of oxycodone, making the other choices incorrect.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a list of current medications for a client who is starting therapy with furosemide. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as being contraindicated?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lithium carbonate. Furosemide can increase lithium levels, leading to lithium toxicity. Albuterol, levothyroxine, and cetirizine do not have significant interactions with furosemide. Albuterol is a bronchodilator, levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement, and cetirizine is an antihistamine.
Therefore, the nurse should identify lithium carbonate as contraindicated due to the potential for serious adverse effects when combined with furosemide.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about phenytoin with a client who had a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor for gingival hyperplasia. This is important because phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug, is known to cause gingival overgrowth. This side effect can affect oral hygiene and lead to gum issues. Monitoring for gingival hyperplasia allows early detection and intervention.
A: Incorrect. Phenytoin does not diminish potassium levels.
C: Incorrect. Ginkgo biloba does not affect phenytoin levels.
D: Incorrect. Minimizing sunlight exposure is not directly related to phenytoin therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for sildenafil to treat erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will avoid eating fatty foods while I take this medication." This statement shows understanding because sildenafil is less effective when taken with high-fat meals, so avoiding fatty foods can improve its effectiveness.
Choice A is incorrect as sildenafil is usually taken only once a day.
Choice C is incorrect because sildenafil does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Choice D is incorrect as constipation is not a common side effect of sildenafil.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse working in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who takes montelukast. Which of the following is an expected therapeutic effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduced bronchial inflammation. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used to manage asthma by reducing inflammation in the airways. This medication works by blocking the action of leukotrienes, which are chemicals in the body that contribute to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the airways. By reducing bronchial inflammation, montelukast helps in improving breathing and reducing asthma symptoms.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Neutralized gastric acid - This is not a therapeutic effect of montelukast. Montelukast is not used to treat gastric acid-related issues.
B: Improved peripheral vasodilation - Montelukast does not affect peripheral vasodilation. It is primarily used for respiratory conditions.
C: Increased WBC count - Montelukast does not have a direct effect on increasing white blood cell count. It is not used for this purpose.