ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 retake 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a new prescription for nitrofurantoin to treat a urinary tract infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Nitrofurantoin can cause serious adverse effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which is a severe skin reaction. This syndrome presents with flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful rash that can lead to skin peeling and blistering. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client for any signs of skin rash, especially if it is accompanied by mucous membrane involvement. Tinnitus (choice
A) and abdominal cramping (choice
B) are not commonly associated with nitrofurantoin. Insomnia (choice
D) is also not a common adverse effect of this medication.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from a client who continues to have a migraine headache after taking sumatriptan orally 2 hr ago. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertension. This is the priority finding for the nurse to report because sumatriptan, a medication used for migraines, can potentially cause a rare but serious side effect of increased blood pressure. Hypertension can lead to severe complications such as stroke or heart attack. Reporting hypertension promptly allows for timely intervention to prevent harm.
Other choices are less urgent:
A: Tingling sensation is a common side effect of sumatriptan and usually resolves on its own.
C: Dizziness may occur with sumatriptan but is not as concerning as hypertension.
D: Flushing is a common side effect and does not require immediate action like hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer erythromycin PO to a client who has an infection. The nurse checks the client's medical record and notes that the client has a severe allergy to penicillin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale:
The correct action is to administer the medication to the client (
Choice
C) because erythromycin is not related to penicillin, and having a severe allergy to penicillin does not contraindicate the use of erythromycin. Premedicating with diphenhydramine (
Choice
A) is not necessary as there is no cross-reactivity between erythromycin and penicillin. Requesting a different route of administration (
Choice
B) is unnecessary as the oral route is appropriate for erythromycin. Requesting a different medication (
Choice
D) is not required, as erythromycin is safe to use in a client with a penicillin allergy.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal. The nurse should anticipate administering which of the following medications to the client to facilitate the withdrawal process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diazepam. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that is commonly used to manage acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms by reducing anxiety, agitation, and preventing seizures. It acts on the GABA receptors to produce a calming effect. Varenicline (
A) is used for smoking cessation, not alcohol withdrawal. Clonidine (
C) is mainly used for hypertension and opioid withdrawal, not alcohol withdrawal. Methadone (
D) is used for opioid dependence, not alcohol withdrawal.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has angina and a new prescription of nitroglycerin sublingual. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "If my mouth is dry, I will take a sip of water before I take the tablet." This statement indicates an understanding of how to properly administer nitroglycerin sublingual. Taking the medication under the tongue allows for faster absorption. Taking a sip of water before taking the tablet helps moisten the mouth and aids in the absorption of the medication. This step is crucial for the effectiveness of nitroglycerin in relieving angina symptoms.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Taking a second tablet before the 20-minute mark is not recommended as it can lead to an overdose.
B: Keeping tablets in the bathroom exposes them to moisture, affecting their potency.
C: Nitroglycerin sublingual should not be swallowed but dissolved under the tongue for rapid absorption.