ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a new prescription for amoxicillin. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is having an allergic reaction to the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wheezing. Wheezing is indicative of an allergic reaction to amoxicillin, as it suggests bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation commonly seen in drug allergies. Bradycardia (
B) is not typically associated with allergic reactions. Polyuria (
C) is excessive urination and not a common symptom of drug allergies. Bruising (
D) is unrelated to an allergic reaction to amoxicillin.
Therefore, wheezing is the most relevant finding indicating an allergic reaction.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following over-the-counter medications is contraindicated for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pseudoephedrine. Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that can increase blood pressure, which can be detrimental to a client with hypertension. Docusate sodium (
A) is a stool softener and does not affect blood pressure. Omeprazole (
C) is a proton pump inhibitor used for acid-related conditions and does not impact blood pressure. Guaifenesin (
D) is an expectorant that does not affect blood pressure.
Therefore, the contraindicated medication for a client with hypertension is pseudoephedrine due to its potential to raise blood pressure.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving vancomycin for a Clostridium difficile infection. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Creatinine 3.1 mg/dL. Elevated creatinine levels indicate potential kidney damage, which is a serious concern when a client is receiving vancomycin, a nephrotoxic medication. Acute kidney injury can occur as a complication of vancomycin therapy, leading to further health issues.
Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to report this finding promptly to the provider for immediate intervention to prevent further kidney damage.
Choice A: Two loose stools are expected in a client with a Clostridium difficile infection, and it may not be the priority concern.
Choice B: WBC count of 11,000/mm³ is slightly elevated but not a priority over potential kidney damage.
Choice C: Heart rate of 104/min may be elevated due to infection or other factors, but it is not as critical as kidney function in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client through an enteral feeding tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flush the tube with normal saline following medication administration. Flushing the tube with normal saline after medication administration helps ensure that the medication is completely delivered into the stomach and prevents any residual medication from clogging the tube. This action also helps prevent any potential drug interactions or reactions that may occur if different medications are inadvertently mixed in the tube. Additionally, flushing the tube with normal saline helps maintain the patency of the tube and reduces the risk of infections.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Pinching the tube while connecting the syringe can lead to blockage and prevent proper medication administration.
B: Elevating the head of the client's bed to 10° is a good practice for preventing aspiration during feeding, but it is not directly related to administering medications through an enteral tube.
D: Combining crushed medications in a single syringe can lead to drug interactions or inconsistent dosing.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage, first, convert the child's weight to kg: 44 lb / 2.2 = 20 kg. Next, calculate the total daily dose: 6 mg/kg/day * 20 kg = 120 mg/day. Since the dose is to be divided into three equal doses, each dose would be 120 mg / 3 = 40 mg. Since gentamicin is available as 40 mg/mL, the nurse should administer 1 mL for each dose (40 mg / 40 mg/mL = 1 mL).
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 1 mL.
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the child's weight and the available concentration of the medication.