ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 retake 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is checking the forearm of a client who received a tuberculin skin test 48 hr ago. Which of the following findings at the injection site should indicate to the nurse a positive result?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Firmness. A positive tuberculin skin test is indicated by induration (firmness) at the injection site, not redness, swelling, or pain. Induration of 10mm or more is considered positive for most individuals. Excoriation (choice
A) refers to scratching or scraping of the skin, not a typical sign of a positive tuberculin skin test. Ulceration (choice
C) involves open sores, not related to a tuberculin skin test. Bleeding (choice
D) at the injection site is not a sign of a positive result.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin ointment. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nurse should cover the administration area with plastic wrap when applying nitroglycerin ointment to prevent accidental exposure to others and to ensure proper absorption of the medication. This step helps to enhance the drug's efficacy by promoting direct contact with the skin and preventing it from being rubbed off onto clothing or other surfaces. Massaging the ointment into the skin (
B) may alter the absorption rate and distribution of the medication. Spreading the ointment in a 10 cm2 area (
C) may lead to inaccurate dosing. Applying the ointment in a thick layer (
D) may result in overdose or underdose due to inconsistent dosing.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Jaw pain. Alendronate, a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis, can cause a rare but serious side effect called osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), characterized by jaw pain, swelling, and possible infection. It is essential for the nurse to instruct the client to monitor for any signs of jaw pain to promptly report to their healthcare provider. Anorexia (
A), insomnia (
C), and bruising (
D) are not typically associated with alendronate use for osteoporosis and would not be common adverse effects that the client needs to monitor for.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal failure and is receiving epoetin alfa. To check for therapeutic effects, the nurse should monitor which of the following client laboratory tests?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin levels. Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, increasing hemoglobin levels in clients with chronic renal failure who often have anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps assess the effectiveness of the medication. Iron levels (
B) are important for erythropoiesis but not directly affected by epoetin alfa. Platelet count (
C) and white blood cell count (
D) are not specifically related to the therapeutic effects of epoetin alfa in chronic renal failure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to start therapy with furosemide. The nurse determines that the teaching is effective when the client states he will increase intake of which of the following foods?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Baked potatoes. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium depletion. Baked potatoes are high in potassium, which can help prevent hypokalemia associated with furosemide therapy. Oatmeal, brown rice, and eggs are not particularly high in potassium and would not be the best choice for increasing potassium intake. By choosing baked potatoes, the client can help maintain adequate potassium levels while on furosemide therapy.