ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has heart failure and a prescription for a repeat dose of furosemide 40 mg orally. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Review the client's electrolyte levels. This is the priority because furosemide is a diuretic that can cause electrolyte imbalances, especially in older adults with heart failure. Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent complications like hypokalemia or hyponatremia. Option A is important but not the priority in this scenario. Option B can be done after the priority action. Option C is important but assessing electrolyte levels takes precedence. Options E, F, and G are not provided in the question and are irrelevant. In summary, monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent adverse effects of furosemide in this client.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has a new prescription for donepezil. Which of the following therapeutic effects should the nurse inform the family to expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - Improved cognitive function.
Rationale:
1. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
2. Increased acetylcholine can enhance cognitive function, memory, and thinking skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
3.
Therefore, the family can expect the therapeutic effect of improved cognitive function with donepezil.
Summary:
A: Decreased urinary output - Not a common therapeutic effect of donepezil.
B: Improved pulmonary function - Not a relevant effect of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
D: Decreased incidence of seizures - Donepezil does not primarily target seizure prevention.
E, F, G: No additional options provided.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin ointment. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cover the administration area with plastic wrap. This is the correct action because nitroglycerin ointment is a vasodilator used to relieve angina by relaxing blood vessels. By covering the administration area with plastic wrap, the nurse can help enhance the absorption of the medication and prevent it from being rubbed off onto clothing or bedding. This method helps ensure that the medication is effectively delivered to the patient's skin and absorbed into the bloodstream.
The other choices are incorrect:
A: Spreading the ointment in a 10 cm² area is not necessary and does not impact the effectiveness of the medication.
B: Massaging the ointment into the skin can lead to uneven absorption and may decrease the medication's effectiveness.
C: Applying the ointment in a thick layer can increase the risk of overdose and may lead to adverse effects.
Overall, covering the administration area with plastic wrap is the most appropriate action to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness of the
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client who has gonorrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use the Z-track technique to administer the medication. The Z-track technique is recommended for IM injections in clients with infectious conditions such as gonorrhea to prevent leakage of the medication into surrounding tissues. By using the Z-track technique, the nurse displaces the skin and subcutaneous tissue before injecting the medication, creating a zig-zag path that seals the medication in the muscle. This technique reduces the risk of irritation, staining, or abscess formation. Injecting the medication 5 cm from the umbilicus (choice
A) is not specific to the Z-track technique and may not prevent leakage. Aspirating prior to injection (choice
C) is important to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel but is not directly related to the Z-track technique. Using a 27-gauge needle (choice
D) is a specific detail that may or may not be relevant to the Z-track technique.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is administering spironolactone at 0800 to a client who has heart failure. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that helps the body retain potassium.
Therefore, monitoring for hyperkalemia is essential as spironolactone can increase potassium levels in the blood. Hypernatremia (choice
A) is unlikely because spironolactone is a diuretic that promotes sodium excretion. Hypophosphatemia (choice
C) and hypocalcemia (choice
D) are not typically associated with spironolactone use. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent potential cardiac arrhythmias and other complications in clients with heart failure.