ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports muscle spasms after receiving haloperidol. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benztropine. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms like muscle spasms caused by antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. It works by blocking excess acetylcholine in the brain. Metoprolol (
A) is a beta-blocker used for blood pressure, not muscle spasms. Oxycodone (
C) is an opioid for pain relief. Risperidone (
D) is another antipsychotic, not for treating spasms.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse working in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who takes montelukast. Which of the following is an expected therapeutic effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduced bronchial inflammation. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis by reducing inflammation in the airways. This medication works by blocking leukotrienes, which are chemicals that contribute to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the lungs. By reducing bronchial inflammation, montelukast helps to improve breathing and prevent asthma symptoms.
A: Improved peripheral vasodilation - This is not an expected therapeutic effect of montelukast as it does not directly affect peripheral vasodilation.
B: Neutralized gastric acid - Montelukast does not have any effect on gastric acid secretion or neutralization.
C: Increased WBC count - Montelukast does not affect white blood cell count; it specifically targets leukotrienes involved in the inflammatory response.
In summary, the correct answer is D because montelukast's primary therapeutic effect is to
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which of the following client identifiers should the nurse use to verify that the correct client is receiving the medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The correct answers are A (Date of birth), B (Facility identification number), and C (Name). The nurse should use these identifiers to ensure the right client receives the medication. Date of birth is unique to each individual, eliminating confusion. The facility identification number helps confirm the client's identity within the facility. The client's name is a fundamental identifier.
Choices D, E, F, and G are incorrect because physical location and room number do not directly confirm the client's identity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who has a new prescription for tetracycline. The nurse should instruct the client to take which of the following medications 3 hr before or after taking the tetracycline?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antacid. Tetracycline can bind with divalent and trivalent cations, reducing its absorption. Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or iron can chelate with tetracycline, reducing its effectiveness.
Therefore, it is important to space the administration of tetracycline and antacids at least 2-3 hours apart to prevent this interaction. Hydrochlorothiazide (choice
A), acetaminophen (choice
C), and lovastatin (choice
D) do not interact significantly with tetracycline in this manner, so they do not need to be spaced apart.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who takes furosemide daily for heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urination. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Reviewing and addressing any abnormal potassium levels before administering furosemide is essential for the client's safety.
Choices A, B, and D are unrelated to furosemide therapy for heart failure. Option A (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) measures inflammation and is not directly affected by furosemide. Option B (Thyroxine) is a thyroid hormone level and is not impacted by furosemide use. Option D (Serum aspartate aminotransferase) is a liver enzyme, not typically affected by furosemide.
Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for monitoring before administering furosemide in this scenario.