ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 retake 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports difficulty breathing during the administration of an intermittent IV bolus of nafcillin. After stopping the infusion and notifying the provider, the nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine. This medication is indicated for the treatment of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing. Given the client's symptoms of difficulty breathing during the IV bolus administration of nafcillin, an allergic reaction is a likely cause. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it works quickly to constrict blood vessels, relax smooth muscles in the airways, and improve breathing. Deferoxamine (
A) is used for iron toxicity, Vitamin K (
B) for coagulation disorders, and Prednisone (
D) for inflammation, none of which are indicated for this client's symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has recurrent otitis media. The child weighs 14.9 kg (33 lb). A prescription is written for amoxicillin 40 mg/kg PO to be given in two divided doses per day. The pharmacy provides the nurse with amoxicillin 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL of the medication should the nurse plan to administer for each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 6
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: 6 mL
Rationale:
1. Calculate the total daily dose of amoxicillin: 40 mg/kg * 14.9 kg = 596 mg/day
2. Since the dose is divided into two doses, each dose will be half of the total daily dose: 596 mg/2 = 298 mg
3. Determine how many mL of the 250 mg/5 mL amoxicillin solution contains 298 mg: (298 mg / 250 mg) * 5 mL = 5.96 mL
4. Round the answer to the nearest whole number, which is 6 mL.
Summary:
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Choice A: Incorrect. It lacks a calculated rationale and is not the correct answer.
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Choices B-G: Irrelevant as they are not supported by the calculations.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking dimenhydrinate to treat motion sickness. Which of the following findings is an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drowsiness. Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine commonly used for motion sickness, which can cause drowsiness as a common adverse effect due to its sedative properties. This is because it can cross the blood-brain barrier and affect the central nervous system, leading to drowsiness. The other options are incorrect because hypertension (
B) is not a known adverse effect of dimenhydrinate, polyuria (
C) is excessive urination, which is not typically associated with this medication, and dependent edema (
D) is swelling due to fluid buildup, which is also not commonly caused by dimenhydrinate.
Therefore, the correct adverse effect to expect with dimenhydrinate use is drowsiness.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is administering heparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use a 25-gauge, 1/2-inch needle to administer the medication. This gauge and length are appropriate for subcutaneous injections to avoid reaching muscle tissue. Using a smaller needle minimizes tissue trauma, discomfort, and the risk of bleeding. Aspiration before injecting is unnecessary for subcutaneous injections as there are no large blood vessels in the subcutaneous tissue, making it safer to skip this step. Administering the medication within 2 cm of the umbilicus is not recommended as it could lead to irritation or infection at the site. Massaging the site after injecting the medication is contraindicated as it can cause bruising or discomfort.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is preparing to administer the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine to a client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has a contraindication for the MMR vaccine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The client is at 9 weeks of gestation. Administering the MMR vaccine during pregnancy is contraindicated due to the theoretical risk of causing harm to the fetus. The live attenuated MMR vaccine should not be given to pregnant women as it may potentially harm the developing fetus. It is crucial to avoid administration during pregnancy to prevent any adverse effects on the unborn child.
Other options are incorrect because:
A: The client had a local reaction from a previous immunization - Local reactions to previous vaccines are not contraindications to receiving the MMR vaccine.
B: The client reports having diarrhea this morning - Diarrhea is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine.
D: The client reports an allergy to penicillin - Allergy to penicillin is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine.