ATI LPN
LPN ATI Fundamental Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is experiencing nausea and vomiting. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as indications that the client has fluid volume deficit. (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale: A: A full bounding pulse is a sign of increased fluid volume or fluid overload, not fluid volume deficit. B: Cool extremities can be an indication of decreased peripheral perfusion, which may occur in fluid volume deficit. C: Moist crackles in the lungs are an indication of fluid volume excess or pulmonary congestion, not fluid volume deficit. D: Orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when changing from lying to standing, can be a sign of fluid volume deficit due to inadequate blood volume. E: Flat neck veins are an indication of decreased venous return and can occur in fluid volume deficit.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client who has heart failure. The nurse should identify which of the following laboratory results as an indication that the client has fluid volume excess.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A urine specific gravity of 1.015 is within the normal range (1.005-1.030). While fluid volume excess may lead to a lower specific gravity due to urine dilution, this value does not indicate fluid overload and is considered normal. A hematocrit level of 42% is within the normal range for adults (men: 38-50%, women: 35-45%). Hematocrit levels tend to decrease in fluid volume excess due to hemodilution, but this value does not suggest fluid overload. A urine pH of 6.5 is within the normal range (4.5-8.0). Urine pH reflects the acid-base balance rather than fluid status and is not a reliable indicator of fluid volume excess. A BUN level of 5 mg/dL is below the normal range (10-20 mg/dL). In fluid volume excess, the dilution of blood plasma can lead to decreased BUN levels. This low BUN value, in conjunction with clinical symptoms, supports the diagnosis of fluid volume excess.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer oxygen to a client who has heart failure and is having severe difficulty breathing. Which of the following oxygen delivery equipment should the nurse select to provide the highest concentration of oxygen to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nasal cannula provides a low to moderate concentration of oxygen and is not suitable for a client experiencing severe difficulty breathing. A simple face mask provides a higher concentration of oxygen than a nasal cannula but may not deliver a high enough concentration for a client experiencing severe respiratory distress. A Venturi mask can provide a precise and adjustable concentration of oxygen but may not deliver the highest concentration needed in this scenario. A nonrebreather mask can deliver the highest concentration of oxygen (up to 100%) and is the most appropriate choice for a client experiencing severe difficulty breathing.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is moving a client up in bed with the assistance of a second nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standing facing the center of the bed at the client’s side allows the nurse to maintain proper body mechanics and use their body weight to assist in moving the client. Placing feet apart with the foot nearest the head of the client’s bed in front of the other foot also helps the nurse maintain stability and leverage while moving the client. Keeping knees and hips straight while bending at the waist toward the client is incorrect body mechanics and can put a strain on the nurse’s back. Encouraging the client to keep their legs straight and remain still is not appropriate. The client should be actively involved in the movement, assisting as much as possible, to ensure their safety and cooperation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has just died and practiced the Islamic faith. Which of the following cultural practices should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client’s body should be placed on the floor: This is not a specific cultural practice in Islam. In Islamic tradition, the deceased person is usually placed on a raised surface, like a table or bed, to allow family and friends to gather around for prayers and final respects. The client’s oldest child will bathe the body: This is not a specific cultural practice in Islam. In Islamic tradition, the body is usually washed by individuals of the same gender who are experienced in the ritual washing of the deceased, known as 'Ghusl.' The client’s face should be turned toward Mecca: Correct. In Islamic tradition, when a person dies, it is customary to position the body with the head facing the Kaaba in Mecca, which is the holy city in Islam and the direction toward which Muslims pray. The client’s body will be adorned with amulets: This is not a specific cultural practice in Islam. While some individuals in various cultures may use amulets or charms for protection, it is not a universal Islamic practice for the deceased.