ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has prescriptions for spironolactone and lisinopril. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to elevated potassium levels. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can also contribute to hyperkalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent serious complications like cardiac arrhythmias. Hypoglycemia (
B) and hyperglycemia (
D) are not typically associated with these medications. Hypokalemia (
C) is the opposite of the expected effect.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a 1-year-old client following the administration of the measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the parents to report to the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shortness of breath. Shortness of breath is a serious adverse effect that could indicate an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis to the MMR vaccine. This requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Glandular swelling around the jaw (choice
A) could be a common side effect of the vaccine but is not as urgent as shortness of breath. Redness around the injection site (choice
B) is a common and expected side effect. A temperature of 37.3°C (99.2°F) (choice
C) is a mild fever and is a common reaction to the vaccine. However, shortness of breath is a more critical symptom that necessitates immediate reporting to the healthcare provider.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client who has a new prescription. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Identify the client using two means of identification. This should be the first action taken by the nurse to ensure the right medication is being given to the right patient. By confirming the client's identity with two separate identifiers, such as asking for their name and date of birth or checking their hospital wristband and asking for confirmation verbally, the nurse can prevent medication errors. Documenting the time of administration (
B) should come after confirming the client's identity. Validating the prescription with available medication (
C) and calculating the correct amount of medication (
D) should be done after confirming the client's identity to ensure the medication is being given to the right person.
Extract:
Vital Signs Day 1: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F), Blood pressure 124/56 mm Hg, Heart rate 66/min, Respiratory rate 16/min, Oxygen saturation 95% on room air; Day 2: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F), Heart rate 112/min, Respiratory rate 28/min, Blood pressure 148/86 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 90% on room air; Medication Administration Record: Albuterol 2 inhalations every 4 to 6 hr PRN wheezing, Bisacodyl 10 mg suppository daily PRN constipation, Prochlorperazine 10 mg PO 3 to 4 times per day PRN nausea, Morphine 4 mg IV bolus every 4 hr PRN severe pain, Acetaminophen 325 to 650 mg every 4 to 6 hr PRN pain or temperature greater than 38.4° C (101.1° F); Nurses' Notes Day 1: Bilateral breath sounds are clear and present throughout. Client reports pain as 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. Abdomen soft, nondistended, bowel sounds hypoactive. Client has a history of asthma. Day 2: Respirations rapid and shallow. Bilateral breath sounds with scattered wheezing. Client reports pain as 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. Client reports no nausea or constipation. Abdomen soft, nondistended, bowel sounds audible.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse should contribute to the plan of care by administering _______ and ______ to the client.
Correct Answer: B, C
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Albuterol) and C (Morphine). Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for treating respiratory conditions like asthma by opening up the airways. Morphine is an opioid analgesic for managing severe pain. The nurse's role includes administering these medications based on the client's needs and the healthcare provider's prescriptions. Prochlorperazine (
A) is an antiemetic for nausea and vomiting, not relevant here. Bisacodyl (
D) is a laxative for constipation, not related to the client's current care needs. Acetaminophen (E) is a pain reliever, but not as potent as morphine for severe pain.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the development of an in-service about the varicella vaccine. The nurse should include which of the following examples as a contraindication for receiving the vaccine?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A client who is pregnant. Varicella vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of harm to the fetus. The live attenuated vaccine may pose a theoretical risk of causing harm to the developing fetus. It is recommended that women avoid becoming pregnant for at least one month after receiving the varicella vaccine.
A: Breastfeeding is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine. In fact, breastfeeding is encouraged after receiving the vaccine.
B: Having an allergy to latex is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
C: Having a sinus infection is not a contraindication for the varicella vaccine.
E, F, G: No information given, so they cannot be evaluated.