ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and has been taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse evaluate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum electrolyte levels. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia and hyponatremia. Monitoring serum electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent complications like arrhythmias. Coagulation studies (
A) are not typically affected by hydrochlorothiazide. Thyroid levels (
B) are unrelated to this medication. Complete blood count (
C) is not directly impacted by hydrochlorothiazide. Thus, evaluating serum electrolyte levels is the most relevant and essential assessment in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who received naloxone to counteract the effects of an opioid overdose. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A: Increased respiratory rate
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioids, including respiratory depression.
Therefore, an increased respiratory rate indicates that naloxone is effectively reversing the opioid overdose by restoring normal breathing patterns. Monitoring the respiratory rate is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of naloxone and ensuring the client's safety.
Incorrect
Choices:
B: Report of decreased pain - Naloxone does not directly affect pain perception.
C: Increased temperature - Naloxone does not typically cause changes in body temperature.
D: Decreased blood pressure - Naloxone may cause a transient increase in blood pressure due to its effects on the sympathetic nervous system, but this is not the primary indicator of its effectiveness.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patches to treat angina. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Headache. Nitroglycerin transdermal patches can cause headaches as an adverse effect due to vasodilation leading to increased blood flow to the brain. This is a common side effect that may occur in patients using nitroglycerin. Polyuria (
B) and ringing in the ears (
C) are not common side effects of nitroglycerin. Increased blood pressure (
D) is not an adverse effect of nitroglycerin; in fact, nitroglycerin decreases blood pressure by dilating blood vessels.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for sustained-release verapamil. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: I will increase my daily intake of fiber and fluid. This response indicates understanding because sustained-release verapamil can cause constipation as a side effect. Increasing fiber and fluid intake can help prevent constipation and promote proper bowel function. Crushing sustained-release tablets can alter the drug's intended release mechanism, leading to potential overdose or underdose. Following up with monthly laboratory tests for anemia is not directly related to verapamil therapy. Sitting upright after taking the medication is more relevant for bisphosphonates to prevent esophageal irritation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for morphine 4 mg IM stat. The medication is dispensed in a 5 mg/mL prefilled syringe. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Discard the excess medication with a second nurse as a witness. The nurse should discard the excess medication in the presence of another nurse to ensure proper disposal and avoid any medication errors or potential harm to the patient. This action aligns with medication safety practices and helps prevent medication errors.
Choice A: Disposing of the excess medication in the sharps container is incorrect because it does not involve a witness for proper disposal and may not follow facility protocols.
Choice B: Giving the full contents of the prefilled syringe would result in administering more medication than prescribed, risking harm to the patient.
Choice D: Injecting the prescribed dose and saving the rest for later use is incorrect as it goes against safe medication practices and may lead to errors in dosing.
In summary, choice C is the correct action to ensure safe and appropriate disposal of excess medication, while the other choices may lead to potential errors and harm to the patient.