ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 retake 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic liver disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse recognize as appropriate for this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hepatitis A vaccine. Patients with chronic liver disease are at increased risk for complications from hepatitis A. Administering the hepatitis A vaccine can help prevent further liver damage in this population. Alprazolam (
A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety disorders, not directly related to liver disease. Rotavirus vaccine (
B) is used for preventing rotavirus infection in children, not relevant to chronic liver disease in adults. Niacin (
C) is a vitamin used for managing cholesterol levels and has no direct effect on liver disease.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for digoxin. Which of the following herbal supplements should the nurse include as a contraindication for this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: St. John's wort. St. John's wort can decrease the effectiveness of digoxin, leading to reduced therapeutic effects. This is due to St. John's wort inducing the enzymes that metabolize digoxin, resulting in lower drug levels in the body. Glucosamine (
A), garlic (
B), and ginkgo biloba (
D) do not have significant interactions with digoxin. It is important to educate the client about potential herb-drug interactions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of their treatment.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving tobramycin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tinnitus.
Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to cause ototoxicity, including tinnitus. Tinnitus is a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears. It is important to monitor for this adverse effect as it can be an early sign of ototoxicity. Increased salivation (
A), bruising (
B), and joint pain (
C) are not commonly associated with tobramycin use. Monitoring for tinnitus is crucial to prevent further hearing loss.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports difficulty breathing during the administration of an intermittent IV bolus of nafcillin. After stopping the infusion and notifying the provider, the nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine. This medication is indicated for the treatment of anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing. Given the client's symptoms of difficulty breathing during the IV bolus administration of nafcillin, an allergic reaction is a likely cause. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it works quickly to constrict blood vessels, relax smooth muscles in the airways, and improve breathing. Deferoxamine (
A) is used for iron toxicity, Vitamin K (
B) for coagulation disorders, and Prednisone (
D) for inflammation, none of which are indicated for this client's symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has recurrent otitis media. The child weighs 14.9 kg (33 lb). A prescription is written for amoxicillin 40 mg/kg PO to be given in two divided doses per day. The pharmacy provides the nurse with amoxicillin 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL of the medication should the nurse plan to administer for each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 6
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: 6 mL
Rationale:
1. Calculate the total daily dose of amoxicillin: 40 mg/kg * 14.9 kg = 596 mg/day
2. Since the dose is divided into two doses, each dose will be half of the total daily dose: 596 mg/2 = 298 mg
3. Determine how many mL of the 250 mg/5 mL amoxicillin solution contains 298 mg: (298 mg / 250 mg) * 5 mL = 5.96 mL
4. Round the answer to the nearest whole number, which is 6 mL.
Summary:
-
Choice A: Incorrect. It lacks a calculated rationale and is not the correct answer.
-
Choices B-G: Irrelevant as they are not supported by the calculations.