ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for morphine 4 mg IM stat. The medication is dispensed in a 5 mg/mL prefilled syringe. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Discard the excess medication with a second nurse as a witness. This is the appropriate action to take because the prescribed dose is 4 mg, and the prefilled syringe contains 5 mg/mL.
To accurately administer the correct dose, the nurse should discard the excess medication in the presence of another nurse as a witness to ensure proper disposal and documentation. Injecting the prescribed dose and saving the rest for later (
B) is incorrect as it goes against safe medication practices. Disposing of the excess medication in the sharps container (
C) is not the correct action for a medication that could potentially be used by another patient. Giving the full contents of the prefilled syringe (
D) would result in an overdose.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin 5 mg/kg subcutaneous daily to a client who has deep-vein thrombosis. The client weighs 152 lb. Available is 120 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe. Calculate the dosage in mL that the nurse should administer. (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage in mL for enoxaparin, we first need to convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms. 152 lb is approximately 69 kg (1 kg = 2.2 lb).
Then, we multiply the weight (69 kg) by the prescribed dose (5 mg/kg) to get the total dose required per day. This results in 345 mg/day. Since the prefilled syringe is 120 mg/0.8 mL, we divide the total dose required (345 mg) by the amount in one syringe (120 mg) to get the number of syringes needed. This equates to 2.875 syringes, which we can round to 2.9 syringes. Finally, to find the dosage in mL, we multiply the number of syringes (2.9) by the volume in each syringe (0.8 mL), which equals 2.32 mL. Rounding to the nearest
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular and NPH insulin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Withdraw the NPH insulin last. This is important to prevent contamination of the regular insulin with NPH insulin. NPH insulin is cloudy and should be gently mixed before withdrawal to ensure uniform suspension. Injecting air into the regular vial helps with withdrawing the correct amount without creating a vacuum, but it should be done after withdrawing NPH insulin. Mixing the medications in one syringe can alter their effectiveness. Administering in two separate syringes may lead to dosing errors.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10 mg/kg PO every 6 hr to a toddler who weighs 26.4 lb. Available is acetaminophen 80 mg/0.8 mL liquid. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1.2 mL.
To calculate the dosage, first convert the toddler's weight from pounds to kilograms (26.4 lb ÷ 2.2 kg/lb = 12 kg). Next, multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (10 mg/kg) to get the total dose (12 kg x 10 mg/kg = 120 mg).
Then, use the concentration of the liquid acetaminophen (80 mg/0.8 mL) to determine how many mL contain the total dose (120 mg ÷ 80 mg/mL = 1.5 mL). Round to the nearest tenth, so the nurse should administer 1.2 mL.
Choice B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated dosage based on the toddler's weight, the prescribed dose, and the concentration of the acetaminophen liquid. The correct dosage calculation requires converting the weight, determining the total
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about sublingual nitroglycerin with a client who has angina. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C. "I should feel the effects of the medication within 5 minutes."
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting medication used to relieve angina symptoms by dilating blood vessels. The client should feel the effects within 5 minutes, indicating the medication is working. This statement shows an understanding of the medication's onset of action, which is crucial for angina relief.
Option A is incorrect because taking the medication every 10 minutes is excessive and may lead to hypotension. Option B is incorrect as nitroglycerin typically causes vasodilation, not heart rate reduction. Option D is incorrect because nitroglycerin should be taken sublingually, not with food, for optimal absorption.