ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology safety Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily for heart failure. The client's current vital signs are: BP 144/96, heart rate 54/min, respirations 18/min, and temperature 37° C (98.6° F). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Withhold the digoxin dose for decreased heart rate. Digoxin is a medication that can cause bradycardia as a side effect. The client's heart rate of 54/min is below the normal range, indicating bradycardia. Administering digoxin in this case can further decrease the heart rate and potentially lead to serious complications such as heart block. Withholding the dose allows the nurse to prevent exacerbating the bradycardia and avoid potential harm to the client.
Choice A is incorrect because the elevated BP is not a contraindication for administering digoxin.
Choices C and D are incorrect because administering the full dose or a reduced dose of digoxin without addressing the bradycardia can worsen the client's condition.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam 3 mg IM. The amount available is diazepam for injection 5 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the amount of diazepam to administer, divide the desired dose by the concentration: 3 mg / 5 mg/mL = 0.6 mL.
Therefore, choice B (0.6) is correct.
Choice A (0.5) is too low; choice C (0.7) and choice D (0.8) are too high.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is calculating a client's fluid intake over the past 8 hr. The client had one 8-oz cup of coffee 3 oz of juice, and 12 oz of soda. The client's water pitcher had 800 mL and 200 mL remain. The client also had IV fluids infusing at 40 mL/hr via an IV pump. How many mL should the nurse document as the client's total intake for the shift?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1,610 mL.
To calculate the total intake, we need to add up all the sources of fluid intake: 8 oz coffee (240 mL), 3 oz juice (90 mL), 12 oz soda (360 mL), water pitcher (600 mL - 200 mL), and IV fluids (40 mL/hr x 8 hr = 320 mL).
Total intake = 240 + 90 + 360 + (600 - 200) + 320 = 1,610 mL.
Choice B is incorrect because it does not account for all the sources of fluid intake.
Choice C and D are incorrect because they overestimate the total intake.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about medication interactions. The nurse should include that iron preparations should be administered with which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Orange juice. Iron preparations are better absorbed in an acidic environment, which is provided by the vitamin C in orange juice. Vitamin C helps convert the iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body. Cheese (choice
B) and milk (choice
C) contain calcium, which can inhibit iron absorption. Antacids containing magnesium (choice
D) can also decrease iron absorption by reducing stomach acid levels.
Therefore, orange juice is the best choice to enhance the absorption of iron.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. The nurse should use the results of which of the following diagnostic tests to monitor the effect of this therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prothrombin time (PT). PT is used to monitor the effect of warfarin therapy because warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including prothrombin. Monitoring PT helps assess the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin. White blood cell count (WB
C) and platelet count are not directly related to monitoring warfarin therapy.