ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology safety Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily. The amount available is digoxin 0.125 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 2 tablets per dose.
To get the total dose of 0.25 mg, the nurse must administer 2 tablets of 0.125 mg each (0.125 mg + 0.125 mg = 0.25 mg). Choosing 1 tablet (
A) would result in an insufficient dose. Selecting 3 tablets (
C) or 4 tablets (
D) would exceed the prescribed dose.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client with bacterial conjunctivitis of the right eye, and a prescription for an antibiotic ophthalmic ointment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apply the ointment in a thin line into the conjunctival sac. This is correct because applying the ointment into the conjunctival sac ensures that the medication comes into direct contact with the affected area, promoting optimal absorption and effectiveness. Wiping from the outer to the inner canthus (
A) is incorrect as it can introduce debris and bacteria into the eye. Using a sterile glove and applicator (
B) is unnecessary and may lead to unnecessary waste. Keeping the eye open for 30 sec (
D) is not necessary for ointments, as blinking will distribute the medication.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily for heart failure. The client's current vital signs are: BP 144/96, heart rate 54/min, respirations 18/min, and temperature 37° C (98.6° F). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Withhold the digoxin dose for decreased heart rate. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that can cause bradycardia as a side effect, especially if taken at inappropriate doses. The client's heart rate is already low at 54/min, so administering digoxin could further decrease the heart rate and lead to serious complications like heart block or cardiac arrest. Withholding the digoxin dose in this situation is appropriate to ensure the client's safety.
Choice A is incorrect because elevated BP is not a contraindication for digoxin administration.
Choice C is incorrect because administering the full dose of digoxin when the heart rate is already low can be harmful.
Choice D is incorrect because administering a lower dose of digoxin may still lead to further bradycardia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam 3 mg IM. The amount available is diazepam for injection 5 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the amount of diazepam to administer, use the formula: Desired dose / Stock dose = Volume to administer. In this case, 3 mg / 5 mg/mL = 0.6 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is B (0.6 mL). This calculation ensures the nurse administers the correct dosage of diazepam.
Choice A (0.5 mL) is incorrect because it would result in an underdose.
Choices C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect as they are not the nearest rounded value to the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is calculating a client's fluid intake over the past 8 hr. The client had one 8-oz cup of coffee 3 oz of juice, and 12 oz of soda. The client's water pitcher had 800 mL and 200 mL remain. The client also had IV fluids infusing at 40 mL/hr via an IV pump. How many mL should the nurse document as the client's total intake for the shift?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1,610 mL.
To calculate the client's total intake, you need to add up all sources of fluid intake.
- Coffee (8 oz = 240 mL)
- Juice (3 oz = 90 mL)
- Soda (12 oz = 360 mL)
- Water from pitcher (800 mL - 200 mL = 600 mL)
- IV fluids (40 mL/hr x 8 hr = 320 mL)
Add all these values together: 240 + 90 + 360 + 600 + 320 = 1,610 mL. This is the total fluid intake for the shift.
Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the sum of all fluid sources. B, C, and D are lower or higher than the correct calculation, making them inaccurate.