ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for penicillin G. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse plan to monitor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urticaria. Penicillin G is known to cause allergic reactions, including urticaria (hives). The nurse should monitor for this adverse effect because it can progress to a more severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis. Insomnia (
A), constipation (
C), and nocturia (
D) are not common adverse effects of penicillin G. Monitoring for urticaria is crucial to prevent serious allergic reactions.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing oxycodone toxicity. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sedation. Oxycodone is an opioid that can cause central nervous system depression, leading to sedation or drowsiness. Tachypnea (
A) and tachycardia (
D) are more commonly associated with opioid withdrawal or overdose. Dilated pupils (
C) are more indicative of stimulant use or sympathetic nervous system activation. In oxycodone toxicity, the client is more likely to have pinpoint pupils due to the opioid's effects on the parasympathetic nervous system.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking ferrous sulfate. The nurse should report which of the following findings as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epigastric pain. Ferrous sulfate, an iron supplement, is known to cause gastrointestinal side effects, including epigastric pain. This is due to its irritant effect on the stomach lining. Tinnitus (
A) is associated with aspirin toxicity, hot flashes (
B) are not related to ferrous sulfate, and diplopia (
C) is not a common side effect of this medication. In summary, epigastric pain is the correct adverse effect to report because it is a known gastrointestinal side effect of ferrous sulfate, while the other choices are not typically associated with this medication.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who started taking amitriptyline 6 days ago. The client reports that the medication is not helping. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: "You will need to wait a couple of weeks to feel the therapeutic effect of the medication." Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, typically takes around 2-4 weeks for its full therapeutic effects to be felt. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on the delayed onset of action to manage expectations. Informing the client to wait before expecting improvement is crucial in ensuring compliance with the medication regimen.
Option A is incorrect because it is premature to switch medications without giving amitriptyline enough time to work. Option B is incorrect as there is no specific requirement to take amitriptyline on an empty stomach. Option D is incorrect as increasing the dose without allowing sufficient time for the current dose to take effect may lead to unnecessary side effects.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose of amoxicillin for the child, we first need to find the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day. Since the dose is divided equally every 8 hours, we divide the total daily dose by 3 to get the dose for each 8-hour interval: 1500 mg/day ÷ 3 = 500 mg every 8 hours. Next, we convert 500 mg to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension: 250 mg/5 mL = 500 mg/x mL. Cross multiply and solve for x, we get x = 10 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of amoxicillin with each dose. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation process or do not result in the accurate dose required for the child's weight.