Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Shingles: This is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. It typically manifests as a painful rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters. Athlete's foot: This is a fungal infection of the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. It causes itching, burning, and cracked, flaking skin. Fever blister: Also known as a cold sore, this is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. It typically appears as a cluster of small, fluid-filled blisters on or around the lips. Pinworms: This is a parasitic infection caused by tiny, white worms that infect the intestines. It commonly causes anal itching, particularly at night, due to the female worms laying eggs around the anal area.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Abdominal wall defect: Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth can indicate a potential obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. While an abdominal wall defect could potentially cause gastrointestinal issues, it is not specifically associated with failure to pass meconium. Celiac disease: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten. While celiac disease can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, it is not typically associated with failure to pass meconium in the newborn period. Intussusception: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing a bowel obstruction. While intussusception is a cause of bowel obstruction in infants, it typically presents with symptoms such as colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of 'currant jelly' stool, rather than failure to pass meconium. Hirschsprung disease: Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon, leading to functional obstruction. Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth is a classic sign of Hirschsprung disease. This condition requires surgical intervention to remove the affected portion of the colon and restore normal bowel function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: I know this can be embarrassing. I have kids myself so I understand, and it doesn't bother me.' This response acknowledges the child's feelings and reassures the parents that bedwetting is a common occurrence, especially during hospitalization. It also demonstrates empathy by sharing a personal experience. However, it may not address the parents' concerns about their child's bedwetting or provide information on how to manage it. 'Children who are hospitalized often regress. The toileting skills will return when your child is feeling better.' This response provides an explanation for the bedwetting incident, reassuring the parents that it is a common response to hospitalization and will likely resolve once the child feels better. It offers support and normalization of the behavior, which can help alleviate the parents' concerns. 'I will discuss your child's loss of bladder control with the provider.' This response indicates that the nurse will address the issue with the healthcare provider, which is appropriate if further evaluation or intervention is needed. However, it may not directly address the parents' concerns or provide immediate reassurance. 'Why is she wetting the bed in the hospital? She must wet the bed at home.' This response may come across as accusatory or judgmental, which can increase parental anxiety or guilt. It does not provide reassurance or support to the parents and does not address the child's immediate needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: While some parents may prefer cloth diapers, they can retain moisture and irritants. Disposable diapers with good absorbency are often preferred in managing diaper dermatitis. Using a gentle moisturizer to clean the skin can help protect the infant's skin and maintain its barrier function, especially in cases of diaper dermatitis. Moisturizers help soothe and heal the affected area by providing hydration and protection. Talcum powder is not recommended due to the risk of inhalation, which can cause respiratory issues. Additionally, powders can clump and worsen skin irritation. Exposing the skin to hot air can dry out the skin and worsen irritation. It's better to allow the area to air-dry naturally or use a cool blow dryer on a low setting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: I give him medication so he'll be comfortable.' - This statement indicates that the parents are providing medication to ensure the child's comfort after the procedure, which is an appropriate action. It suggests that the parents are attentive to the child's needs postoperatively. 'I check his voiding to be sure there's no problem.' - Checking the child's voiding is important postoperatively to ensure there are no urinary retention issues or other complications related to urination. This statement reflects appropriate postoperative care and monitoring. 'I check his temperature.' - Monitoring the child's temperature is also a good practice postoperatively to watch for signs of infection or other complications. This statement indicates that the parents are attentive to signs of potential postoperative issues. 'I'll let him decide when to return to his play activities.' - This statement suggests that the parents plan to let the child decide when to resume play activities after the surgery. However, after a surgical procedure like orchiopexy, it's important for parents to follow specific guidelines provided by healthcare providers regarding activity restrictions and return to normal activities. Allowing the child to decide may not align with the recommended postoperative care plan.