ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is calculating the fluid intake for an infant at the end of an 8-hr shift. For oral intake, the infant had 10 mL of medication, 3 oz of formula, and 2 oz of juice. In addition, the infant had IV fluid infusing at 20 mL/hr via an IV pump. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the clients record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To calculate the total fluid intake for the infant, we first convert the volumes to milliliters for accuracy. The medication is already in mL (10 mL). Convert 3 oz to mL (3 oz ≈ 90 mL) and 2 oz to mL (2 oz ≈ 60 mL). Add these amounts (10 mL + 90 mL + 60 mL) for oral intake = 160 mL. For IV intake, 20 mL/hr × 8 hrs = 160 mL. Add the oral intake and IV intake (160 mL + 160 mL) = 320 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is C (320 mL). Option A (310 mL) is incorrect as it does not account for the IV intake. Option B (390 mL) is incorrect as it overestimates the total intake. Option D (180 mL) is incorrect as it only considers the oral intake, excluding the IV intake.
Question 2 of 5
Which factors may affect drug absorption? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct factors that may affect drug absorption are A, B, C, and E.
A: Gastric emptying time affects the rate at which the drug moves from the stomach to the intestines for absorption.
B: Capillary walls with large spaces between cells allow for easier drug diffusion into the bloodstream.
C: Stability and solubility of the medication impact its ability to dissolve and be absorbed effectively.
E: Presence of food in the stomach or intestines can alter the pH and enzymes, affecting drug absorption.
D: Inspiratory effort is related to respiratory function, not drug absorption.
Question 3 of 5
Order: 1000 mL of D5½NS with 1 ampule of multiple vitamins to infuse over 8 hours Available: Macrodrip set: 15 gtt/mL Calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min, first determine the total volume to infuse (1000 mL) over the total time (8 hours = 480 minutes).
Then, calculate the flow rate using the formula: Flow rate (gtt/min) =
Total volume (mL) /
Total time (min). Substituting values, we get 1000 mL / 480 min = 2.08 mL/min. Next, convert mL/min to gtt/min using the drip factor (15 gtt/mL): 2.08 mL/min x 15 gtt/mL = 31.2 gtt/min. Since we can't have a fraction of a drop, round down to the nearest whole number, making the correct answer 31 gtt/min. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately result from the calculations.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed a 10-day course of antibiotics for a bacterial infection. The nurse emphasizes the importance of completing the full course and informs the client about the signs and symptoms of a superinfection. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the nurse's teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B
Rationale: Option B is correct because it demonstrates the client understands the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics to ensure the infection is completely eradicated. Reporting unusual symptoms like a white coating on the tongue is essential as it could indicate a superinfection.
Option A is incorrect as severe diarrhea should not be ignored, it could be a sign of a superinfection. Option C is incorrect as sharing antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. Option D is incorrect as stopping antibiotics prematurely can result in the infection not being fully treated, leading to potential relapse.
Question 5 of 5
Calculate the dosage using the label below. Round to the nearest tenth place. Order: Celestone, Soluspan (betamethasone) 12 mg IM q24 hr. for 2 doses. Available
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2 mL IM.
To calculate the dosage, we need to multiply the dose ordered (12 mg) by the number of doses (2) to get a total of 24 mg. Next, we need to check the concentration of the medication. If the concentration is 6 mg/mL, we divide the total dose (24 mg) by the concentration (6 mg/mL) to get 4 mL.
Therefore, the correct dosage is 4 mL. Option A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not follow the calculation based on the ordered dose and concentration provided on the label. Option E, F, and G are not applicable.