ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has osteoarthritis. The client reports knee stiffness upon ambulation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Moist heat reduces stiffness and improves mobility in osteoarthritis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about risk factors for colorectal cancer with a client. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colorectal cancer risk factors are well-documented, with family history being a major non-modifiable contributor due to genetic predisposition (e.g., Lynch syndrome). Physical inactivity increases risk by slowing bowel motility, allowing carcinogen exposure, but it's less definitive than genetics. A high-fiber diet reduces risk by promoting regular bowel movements, not increasing it, so it's incorrect here. Age over 50 is a strong risk factor as incidence rises with age, but family history often trumps it in teaching specificity due to its hereditary link. Emphasizing family history educates the client on screening needs (e.g., earlier colonoscopy), aligning with guidelines like those from the American Cancer Society. It's a critical, actionable factor, driving personalized prevention and surveillance, making it a standout choice for inclusion in teaching.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to undergo a bone marrow aspiration. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pressure is applied post-procedure to prevent bleeding; marrow is typically taken from the iliac crest, local anesthetic is used, and fasting isn't required.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse enters a client's room and sees smoke coming from the trash can next to the client's bed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a fire emergency, the RACE protocol (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish) guides nursing actions, prioritizing safety. Option C is correct removing the client from the room first ensures their immediate safety from smoke inhalation or burns, the primary risk in this scenario. Option A, pulling the alarm, is crucial but secondary; the client's life takes precedence over alerting others. Option B, obtaining an extinguisher, delays rescue and assumes the nurse can safely fight the fire, which may not be feasible with smoke present. Option D, closing the door, helps contain the fire but traps the client in danger if done first. Rescuing the client aligns with the ethical duty to protect life, addresses the imminent threat of smoke (a leading cause of fire-related death), and allows subsequent steps (alarm, containment) to follow safely. This sequence reflects standard fire safety training and hospital policy, making it the nurse's first action.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has a bladder infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults with bladder infections (UTIs) often lack classic symptoms, presenting with altered mental status confusion or lethargy from systemic inflammation or bacteremia, per geriatric care standards. Normal WBC (9,000/mm³) doesn't rule out UTI; leukocytosis isn't always present early. A slight fever (37.3°
C) supports infection but isn't definitive alone. Diminished reflexes tie to aging or neurology, not UTI. Mental status change is a red flag prompting urinalysis and antibiotics preventing sepsis, making it the strongest indicator in this population.