ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Exhibit 1 Exhibit 2 Exhibit 3 Exhibit 4 Exhibit 5
Diagnostic Results
1000:
Hct 24% (37% to 47%)
Hgb 8 g/dL (12 to 16 g/dL)
RBC count 3 x 10⁶ µL (4.2 to 5.4 x 10⁶ µL)
Ferritin 8 ng/mL (10 to 150 ng/mL)
WBC count 9,000/mm³ (5,000 to 10,000/mm³)
Platelet count 180,000/mm³ (150,000 to 400,000/mm³)
Vitamin B₁₂ 159 pg/mL (160 to 950 pg/mL)
1030:
Stool for fecal occult blood negative
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of the client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia treatment hinges on maximizing iron absorption. Taking the medication with vitamin C enhances uptake ascorbic acid converts ferric to ferrous iron, boosting bioavailability in the acidic stomach environment, a cornerstone of anemia management. Antacids raise gastric pH, binding iron and reducing absorption, counterproductive to correcting deficiency. Increasing fiber mitigates constipation, a side effect of iron, but isn't the primary administration focus. Milk and dairy, high in calcium, inhibit iron absorption by competing for uptake sites, worsening anemia if paired with supplements. Vitamin C's synergistic effect backed by dietary guidelines optimizes therapy, especially critical with low ferritin (8 ng/mL, Exhibit 1), empowering the client to improve hemoglobin efficiently while minimizing common pitfalls, making it the essential instruction.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of the client who is postoperative following a fasciotomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-fasciotomy, pain from surgical incision and prior compartment pressure is expected, making analgesia a priority to enhance comfort and mobility, aiding recovery. Antibiotics are proactive for infection, but no fever or purulent drainage (Exhibit) justifies immediate use prophylaxis may apply, not routine post-op. Fluid restriction contradicts hydration needs for healing and circulation, especially with serosanguinous drainage. Wound cultures are indicated for infection signs (e.g., redness, pus), not routine here with a dry, intact dressing. Pain management aligns with postoperative care principles unrelieved pain increases stress, delays ambulation, and risks chronicity making analgesic administration the most immediate, evidence-based action to support the client's well-being and surgical outcome.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is perimenopausal. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Perimenopause brings hormonal shifts, but urinary frequency stands out it may signal a UTI, bladder issue, or pelvic pathology, requiring urgent evaluation over typical symptoms. Difficulty sleeping and hot flashes stem from estrogen fluctuations, common and manageable with lifestyle changes. Vaginal dryness, also hormonal, responds to lubricants or estrogen therapy, not immediate concern. Frequency, however, risks infection or renal complications older women often present atypically (e.g., confusion), per geriatric guidelines. Using ABCs, elimination issues outrank comfort, driving prompt reporting for diagnostics (e.g., urinalysis), preventing progression, making it the priority finding.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has a closed-chest tube drainage system. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest tube systems remove pleural air or fluid, requiring functionality. Replacing the unit when full prevents backpressure or overflow, maintaining drainage and lung re-expansion, per manufacturer and infection control standards (e.g., CD
C). Monitoring 150 mL/hr is excessive sudden high output signals hemorrhage, not routine care. Clamping risks tension pneumothorax by trapping air/fluid, only done briefly for specific checks (e.g., air leak). Pinning tubing prevents dislodgement, but full chamber replacement is the proactive maintenance action. This ensures system efficacy, prevents complications like atelectasis, and aligns with respiratory care priorities, making it the nurse's key responsibility.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the results of a client's fecal occult blood screening test. Which of the following findings from the client's history should the nurse identify as potentially causing a false-positive result?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fecal occult blood tests detect heme, but false positives arise from non-colonic bleeding. Ibuprofen, an NSAID, irritates the GI mucosa, causing microbleeds that mimic colorectal sources, a known confounder clients are advised to stop it pre-test. Citrus juice may cause false negatives (vitamin C interferes with guaiac reaction), not positives, and 3 days minimizes impact. A hemorrhoidectomy 1 year ago, healed, doesn't bleed unless recurrent, not suggested. Breast cancer doesn't affect GI bleeding unless metastatic, unlikely here. Ibuprofen's GI effect aligns with testing pitfalls (e.g., ACG guidelines), making it the likely false-positive source to identify.