ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is to receive a transfusion of packed RBCs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because 0.9% sodium chloride solution is the appropriate IV solution to use when administering packed RBCs to prevent hemolysis. The sodium chloride solution is isotonic, which helps maintain the integrity of the RBCs during transfusion. Other choices are incorrect because: A: There is no specific time limit within which packed RBCs must be transfused. C: Using filterless IV tubing can increase the risk of air embolism and contamination. D: Remaining at the client's bedside for only 5 minutes is inadequate for monitoring potential adverse reactions during the transfusion.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 75 mg/kg/day divided equally every 8 hr to a child who weighs 20 kg. Available is amoxicillin oral suspension 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale:
To calculate the dose, first, determine the total daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day x 20 kg = 1500 mg/day.
Then, divide this by the number of doses per day (3) to get 500 mg per dose. Next, convert this to mL using the concentration of the oral suspension (250 mg/5 mL). 500 mg ÷ 250 mg/5 mL = 10 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is 10 mL.
Choice A is incorrect as it doesn't follow the correct calculation steps.
Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not accurately calculate the correct dose based on the child's weight and the concentration of the oral suspension.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who was admitted for diazepam toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity, such as diazepam. Administering Flumazenil in this case can help reverse the sedative and respiratory depressive effects of diazepam.
Incorrect choices:
A: Vitamin K is used for blood clotting disorders, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
B: Calcium gluconate is used for treating calcium deficiencies, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.
C: Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not benzodiazepines.
In summary, Flumazenil is the appropriate choice to counter diazepam toxicity by antagonizing its effects on benzodiazepine receptors, while the other options are unrelated to managing benzodiazepine toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular insulin 4 units and NPH insulin 10 units subcutaneously to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inject 4 units of air into the regular insulin vial. This action is done to prevent negative pressure in the vial, making it easier to withdraw the correct dose of insulin. By injecting air first, the nurse ensures that the exact amount of insulin can be withdrawn accurately without causing any damage to the vial or affecting the dose.
Choice A is incorrect as injecting air into the NPH insulin vial is not necessary before drawing up the insulin.
Choice B is incorrect as drawing up the NPH insulin before preparing the regular insulin would be out of sequence.
Choice D is incorrect as drawing up the regular insulin before injecting air into the vial could lead to difficulty in withdrawing the correct dose.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for alendronate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will take this medication right before I go to bed." Alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, in the morning, at least 30 minutes before the first food, drink, or medication of the day. Taking it before bed ensures the client has an empty stomach.
Choice A is incorrect because orange juice can interfere with alendronate absorption.
Choice B is incorrect as sitting upright for 30 minutes after taking the medication is the recommended action.
Choice D is incorrect as alendronate is typically taken weekly, not monthly.