ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is administering the first dose of ramipril to a client who has hypertension. The client reports feeling dizzy and lightheaded. Which of the following should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IV fluid bolus. Dizziness and lightheadedness after administering ramipril could indicate hypotension, a known side effect. IV fluid bolus helps to increase blood volume, improving blood pressure. Naloxone is for opioid overdose, not related to ramipril. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, not indicated for hypotension. 15g of carbohydrates is used for hypoglycemia, not hypotension.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client following his first dose of captopril. The client's blood pressure is 88/60 mm Hg. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C. Place the client in a supine position.
Rationale:
1. A blood pressure of 88/60 mm Hg is considered low.
2. Placing the client in a supine position helps improve blood flow to the brain and vital organs.
3. This action can prevent complications such as dizziness, fainting, or falls.
4. It is the most immediate and appropriate action to address the low blood pressure.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Checking blood pressure with the client standing can worsen symptoms due to orthostatic hypotension.
B: Administering IV bolus can be too aggressive and may not address the underlying cause of low blood pressure.
D: Measuring blood pressure with the client sitting does not address the immediate risk of low blood pressure.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to mix NPH insulin and regular insulin for administration. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inject air into each vial. This is the correct action because it prevents creating a vacuum in the vial, making it easier to withdraw the insulin. Injecting air into the vial equalizes the pressure, allowing for smooth and accurate withdrawal of the desired amount of insulin. Option A is incorrect because a tuberculin syringe is not necessary for mixing insulin. Option C is incorrect because the regular insulin should be withdrawn first to prevent contamination. Option D is incorrect as shaking the regular insulin vial may cause bubbles or denature the insulin.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving treatment for chronic alcohol use disorder. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to assist the client in maintaining abstinence by aversion therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Disulfiram. Disulfiram is an aversion therapy medication used to support clients with alcohol use disorder by causing unpleasant effects, such as nausea and vomiting, if alcohol is consumed. This helps reinforce abstinence. A: Atenolol is a beta-blocker and is not used for aversion therapy. B: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and is not for aversion therapy. D: Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant used for seizures and mood disorders, not for aversion therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the varicella vaccine with the guardian of a toddler. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "The vaccine should be avoided in children who have leukemia." This is because children with leukemia have weakened immune systems and may not be able to mount an effective response to the vaccine, making it less effective and potentially harmful. This statement is crucial for the guardian to understand to ensure the safety and efficacy of the vaccine for the toddler.
Choice A is incorrect because the first dose of the varicella vaccine is typically given between 12-15 months of age, not after the child is 3 years old.
Choice B is incorrect as aspirin should not be given to children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Choice D is incorrect as the varicella vaccine is safe for children with egg allergies, as long as precautions are taken.