Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Activated charcoal is often used in cases of drug overdose or poisoning, including aspirin ingestion. It works by binding to the drug or toxin in the stomach, preventing it from being absorbed into the body. This makes activated charcoal an effective treatment for aspirin overdose in a toddler. A chelating agent is a substance that can bind to heavy metals in the body, helping to remove them. While useful in cases of heavy metal poisoning, it would not be the first choice for an aspirin overdose. Acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose, not aspirin. It works by replenishing glutathione, a substance that helps to detoxify the liver. Digoxin immune FAB is used to treat digoxin toxicity. Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart conditions, and it is not related to aspirin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Weighing the infant every day on the same scale at the same time is crucial in monitoring excess fluid volume in congestive heart failure. Sudden weight gain can indicate fluid retention, a common sign of worsening heart failure. Daily weight monitoring helps in early detection and timely intervention. Notifying the physician when weight gain exceeds more than 20 g/day might be too late for intervention. Daily weight monitoring is essential to detect trends and intervene promptly to manage excess fluid volume. Placing the infant in a car seat to minimize movement is not directly related to managing excess fluid volume in congestive heart failure. It is essential for safety during transportation but does not address the nursing diagnosis. Administering digoxin as ordered by the physician is a medical intervention for congestive heart failure. While important, the nursing diagnosis is related to excess fluid volume, and the focus should be on nursing interventions such as monitoring daily weights.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: While it's true that bone marrow can be lost through a fracture, this is not specific to fractures of the epiphyseal plate. The healing time for fractures in children and adults can vary depending on many factors, but it's not accurate to say that fractures in children take longer to heal than fractures in adults. Normal bone growth can indeed be affected by a fracture of the epiphyseal plate. The epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is the area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents. When a fracture occurs at the epiphyseal plate, it can disrupt the normal growth of the bone and lead to deformities. While calcium is important for bone health, increasing a child's calcium intake to 3,000 milligrams daily is not typically recommended as part of the treatment or management of a fracture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice, is a common condition in children. One of the definitive indications of this condition is the presence of firmly attached white particles on the hair, which are the eggs or 'nits' of the lice. While itching and scratching of the head can be a symptom of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication as it can be caused by other conditions such as dandruff or dermatitis. Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. They could indicate a different condition, such as alopecia areata or tinea capitis. Thick yellow-crusted lesions on a red base are not a symptom of pediculosis capitis. This description is more consistent with impetigo, a bacterial skin infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Discouraging the client from ambulating is not the best action. While it's important to limit weight-bearing activities initially, movement is encouraged to promote circulation and prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis. Using a hair dryer on a hot setting to dry the cast is not recommended. Heat can cause the cast to dry out and crack, and it can also burn the skin. Keeping the client's leg in a dependent position is not advisable. This can lead to increased swelling and pain, and potentially delay healing. Performing a neurovascular check of the lower extremities is the correct action. This involves assessing for pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis. These checks are crucial for monitoring for complications such as compartment syndrome and ensuring the cast is not too tight.