ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse in an acute care facility is collecting data from a client who has received the meningococcal conjugate vaccine. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the vaccine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Headache. The meningococcal conjugate vaccine commonly causes headache as an adverse effect. This is due to the body's immune response to the vaccine components. In this scenario, the nurse should monitor the client for headache as it is a known side effect. Blurred vision (
A), tinnitus (
B), and dry mouth (
D) are not typically associated with the meningococcal conjugate vaccine and would not be expected adverse effects. It is important for the nurse to be aware of the common adverse effects of specific vaccines to provide appropriate care and monitoring for clients.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse working in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who takes montelukast. Which of the following is an expected therapeutic effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduced bronchial inflammation. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used to manage asthma symptoms by reducing inflammation in the airways. The medication works by blocking the action of leukotrienes, which are chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the lungs.
Therefore, the expected therapeutic effect of montelukast is to reduce bronchial inflammation, leading to improved breathing and asthma control.
Choice A (Improved peripheral vasodilation) is incorrect because montelukast does not have a direct effect on peripheral vasodilation.
Choice B (Increased WBC Count) is incorrect as montelukast does not affect white blood cell count.
Choice C (Neutralized gastric acid) is incorrect because montelukast is not used for this purpose.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has heart failure and a prescription for a repeat dose of furosemide 40 mg orally. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Review the client's electrolyte levels. This is the priority because furosemide is a diuretic that can cause electrolyte imbalances, especially in older adults with heart failure. Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent complications like hypokalemia or hyponatremia. Option A is important but not the priority in this scenario. Option B can be done after the priority action. Option C is important but assessing electrolyte levels takes precedence. Options E, F, and G are not provided in the question and are irrelevant. In summary, monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent adverse effects of furosemide in this client.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has a new prescription for donepezil. Which of the following therapeutic effects should the nurse inform the family to expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C - Improved cognitive function.
Rationale:
1. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
2. Increased acetylcholine can enhance cognitive function, memory, and thinking skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
3.
Therefore, the family can expect the therapeutic effect of improved cognitive function with donepezil.
Summary:
A: Decreased urinary output - Not a common therapeutic effect of donepezil.
B: Improved pulmonary function - Not a relevant effect of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
D: Decreased incidence of seizures - Donepezil does not primarily target seizure prevention.
E, F, G: No additional options provided.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin ointment. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cover the administration area with plastic wrap. This is the correct action because nitroglycerin ointment is a vasodilator used to relieve angina by relaxing blood vessels. By covering the administration area with plastic wrap, the nurse can help enhance the absorption of the medication and prevent it from being rubbed off onto clothing or bedding. This method helps ensure that the medication is effectively delivered to the patient's skin and absorbed into the bloodstream.
The other choices are incorrect:
A: Spreading the ointment in a 10 cm² area is not necessary and does not impact the effectiveness of the medication.
B: Massaging the ointment into the skin can lead to uneven absorption and may decrease the medication's effectiveness.
C: Applying the ointment in a thick layer can increase the risk of overdose and may lead to adverse effects.
Overall, covering the administration area with plastic wrap is the most appropriate action to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness of the