ATI LPN
ATI NS122 Pediatrics Monroe College NY PN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: A. Hematuria: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a common finding in urinary tract infections (UTIs). It occurs due to irritation and inflammation of the urinary tract lining, causing small blood vessels to leak blood into the urine. B. Urinary frequency: Urinary frequency, or the need to urinate more often than usual, is a classic symptom of a UTI. It occurs because the infection irritates the bladder lining, leading to a frequent urge to urinate even when the bladder is not full. C. Polyuria: Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not typically associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Instead, UTIs usually cause urinary frequency without necessarily increasing the total volume of urine produced (polyuria). D. Dependent edema: Dependent edema, or swelling in the lower extremities due to fluid accumulation, is not a typical finding in urinary tract infections. UTIs primarily affect the urinary system and do not typically cause system
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about lice with the parents of a school-age child at a well-child visit. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lice do not survive away from the host.' - This statement is incorrect. Lice can survive away from the host (human scalp) for a limited period, usually up to 1-2 days. They may be found on items such as bedding, clothing, hats, or hair accessories.
Therefore, proper cleaning and disinfection of these items are essential to prevent the spread of lice. 'Washing your child's hair daily will prevent lice.' - This statement is incorrect. While maintaining good hygiene is important, washing hair daily does not necessarily prevent lice infestation. Lice infestations occur through direct head-to-head contact with an infested person, not due to uncleanliness. Additionally, lice are more commonly found in clean hair rather than dirty hair. 'Encourage your child to avoid sharing hats with other children.' - This statement is correct. Sharing personal items such as hats, scarves, brushes, or hair accessories can facilitate the spread of lice from one person to another.
Therefore, it's important to advise children not to share these items to reduce the risk of lice transmission. 'Lice can jump from one child to another.' - This statement is incorrect. Lice do not have the ability to jump or fly. They spread through direct contact with the hair or scalp of an infested person. However, they can crawl quickly from one person to another, especially when there is close contact, such as during play or when sharing personal items.
Question 3 of 5
A newborn's failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth may indicate which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal wall defect: Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth can indicate a potential obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. While an abdominal wall defect could potentially cause gastrointestinal issues, it is not specifically associated with failure to pass meconium. Celiac disease: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten. While celiac disease can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, it is not typically associated with failure to pass meconium in the newborn period. Intussusception: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing a bowel obstruction. While intussusception is a cause of bowel obstruction in infants, it typically presents with symptoms such as colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of 'currant jelly' stool, rather than failure to pass meconium. Hirschsprung disease: Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon, leading to functional obstruction. Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth is a classic sign of Hirschsprung disease. This condition requires surgical intervention to remove the affected portion of the colon and restore normal bowel function.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has intussusception. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drooling - Drooling is not typically associated with intussusception. Intussusception is a condition where one portion of the intestine telescopes into another, leading to bowel obstruction and subsequent symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and 'currant jelly' stools. Increased appetite - Increased appetite is unlikely in a toddler with intussusception. Instead, affected toddlers may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and lethargy, which can lead to decreased appetite. Mucus in stools - Mucus in stools is a characteristic finding in intussusception. As the telescoping of the intestine causes irritation and inflammation, mucus may be passed in the stool along with blood and, in some cases, a characteristic 'currant jelly' appearance. Jaundice - Jaundice is not a typical manifestation of intussusception. It may be present in conditions affecting the liver or bile ducts, such as biliary atresia or obstructive jaundice, but it is not a direct symptom of intussusception.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Firmly attached white particles on the hair: Firmly attached white particles on the hair are characteristic of nits, which are the eggs of lice. While this finding supports the diagnosis of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication on its own. Itching and scratching of the head: Itching and scratching of the head are common symptoms of pediculosis capitis. However, they are also common symptoms of various other scalp conditions, so they are not definitive indications. Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base: This description is more characteristic of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, rather than pediculosis capitis. Impetigo typically presents with yellow-crusted lesions on a red base, but it does not involve lice infestation. Patchy areas of hair loss: Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. This finding is more suggestive of conditions like alopecia areata or fungal infections.