ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics II Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has a nosebleed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Have the child sit with her head tilted forward and hold pressure on her nose for 10 min. Tilting the head forward helps prevent blood from flowing down the throat and causing nausea or choking. Applying pressure to the nose for 10 minutes helps to stop the bleeding. Place the child in a sitting position and tilt her head back. Tilted head back can cause blood to flow down the throat and potentially cause aspiration or choking. It's not recommended in managing nosebleeds. Apply ice at the opening of the nares for 5 min and then re-check for bleeding. While cold compresses can help constrict blood vessels, direct pressure and maintaining a forward head position are more effective for stopping nosebleeds. Place the child in a supine position with a pillow under her head. Supine position can cause blood to flow down the throat and is not recommended in managing nosebleeds due to the risk of aspiration.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized child newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At 1100, the child suddenly complains of weakness, headache, and blurred vision. How would the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Give the child 1â„2 cup of orange juice to drink. These symptoms indicate hypoglycemia, a common early complication of diabetes treatment. Orange juice contains quick-acting sugars that can rapidly raise blood glucose levels and alleviate symptoms. This is the immediate action to manage the child's symptoms. Call the dietary department and ask that the lunch tray be delivered early. Delayed action compared to treating the immediate hypoglycemia. Contact the physician. While eventually necessary, immediate treatment of hypoglycemia takes precedence. Obtain a blood glucose reading. Important to confirm hypoglycemia but not as urgent as providing immediate treatment.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a pediatric clinic is caring for a child who has iron deficiency anemia and is to start taking ferrous sulfate syrup. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the parent?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dilute the medication with 240 mL (8 oz) of milk. Milk can inhibit iron absorption, so it's not recommended to mix iron supplements with milk. Administer the medication at meal time. Iron supplements are best absorbed when taken with food, specifically vitamin C-rich foods to enhance absorption. This instruction promotes optimal therapeutic effect. Administer the medication at bedtime: Timing with meals is more effective than at bedtime. Offer the medication through a straw. The method of administration is less critical than the timing with meals.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant whose guardian reports intermittent vomiting for several days. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: A. Measure the infant's head circumference. Measuring head circumference is a standard part of routine well-child exams and growth monitoring, but it is not directly relevant to the current diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The immediate clinical focus is on the gastrointestinal symptoms and associated dehydration. B. Weigh the infant. Weighing the infant is crucial for monitoring weight loss and assessing hydration status. Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are at risk of dehydration and malnutrition due to frequent, forceful vomiting. Regular weight checks help in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and the nutritional status of the infant. C. Monitor intake and output. Monitoring intake and output is vital in this scenario to assess the infant's hydration status and kidney function. Given the forceful vomiting, there's a high risk of dehydration, as indicated by the dry mucous membranes, depressed fontanel, and reduced urine output. Accurate measurement helps guide fluid replacement therapy. D. Offer small frequent feedings of thickened liquids. Offering feedings, even of thickened liquids, is inappropriate in this situation because the infant requires surgical intervention for pyloric stenosis. Continued feeding may exacerbate vomiting and dehydration. Instead, the infant should be kept NPO (nothing by mouth) to prepare for surgery and prevent further complications. E. Evaluate serum electrolyte levels: Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis often develop electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Evaluating serum electrolytes is essential to identify and correct these imbalances, which are critical to stabilizing the infant before surgical intervention. F. Plan to administer a plain water enema. A plain water enema is not indicated and is inappropriate for treating hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The issue is not related to bowel movements or lower gastrointestinal obstruction, but rather to the pyloric sphincter in the stomach, which requires surgical correction. G. Implement contact precautions. Contact precautions are typically used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is not an infectious condition but a structural anomaly. Thus, there is no need for contact precautions in this context.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 300 mg PO. The amount available is amoxicillin oral solution 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Solution: 300mg ÷ 250mg/5ml = 300 × 5/250 = 6 ml. The nurse should administer 6 mL of amoxicillin oral solution to deliver the prescribed 300 mg dose.