ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: 1
Rationale:
1. Calculate the total daily dose: 6 mg/kg/day x 44 lb = 264 mg/day.
2. Divide the total daily dose by 3 to get the dose per administration: 264 mg/day ÷ 3 = 88 mg/dose.
3. Convert 88 mg to mL using the available concentration (40 mg/mL): 88 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL ≈ 2.2 mL.
4. Round to the nearest whole number: 2.2 mL ≈ 2 mL per dose.
5. The correct answer is 1 mL per dose (rounding to the nearest whole number).
Summary:
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Choice A is correct. Each dose should be 1 mL.
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Choices B-G are incorrect as they do not follow the correct calculation method or rounding procedure.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who received diphenhydramine 1 hr ago after developing an allergic reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B - My voice is no longer hoarse.
Rationale: The client's hoarse voice indicates a common symptom of an allergic reaction, which diphenhydramine is used to treat by reducing the allergic response. Improvement in the hoarseness suggests that the medication is effectively addressing the allergic reaction.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: I don't have a headache anymore - Headache is not directly related to the allergic reaction or the effectiveness of diphenhydramine.
C: My appetite is increased - Changes in appetite are not typical indicators of diphenhydramine effectiveness for allergic reactions.
D: I am feeling more alert - Alertness is not a common symptom of an allergic reaction nor a typical indicator of diphenhydramine effectiveness in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about monitoring morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Instruct the client's visitors not to operate the PCA pump. This is crucial to prevent unauthorized administration of medication. Visitors may not be aware of the prescribed dosage or timing, risking overdose.
B is incorrect as pain assessment frequency should be more frequent, not every 8 hours. C is incorrect as the risk of toxicity is related to dosing and monitoring, not just the use of morphine PCA itself. D is incorrect as constipation, not diarrhea, is a common adverse effect of morphine PCA.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for prednisone to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse that the client understands the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will report a sore throat to my provider." This indicates understanding because prednisone can suppress the immune system, making the client more susceptible to infections like sore throats. Reporting any signs of infection promptly is crucial to prevent complications.
A: Weight loss is not a common side effect of prednisone.
B: Increasing sodium intake is not necessary with prednisone.
D: Prednisone should be taken with food to reduce stomach irritation and the risk of ulcers.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin ointment. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cover the administration area with plastic wrap. This is important because nitroglycerin ointment is a potent vasodilator that can be absorbed through the skin. Covering the area with plastic wrap helps to ensure proper absorption and prevents inadvertent contact with others. B: Massaging the ointment can lead to excessive absorption and potential overdose. C: Spreading the ointment in a large area can also lead to excessive absorption. D: Applying the ointment in a thick layer can result in erratic absorption and inconsistent therapeutic effects.
Therefore, option A is the most appropriate action to ensure safe and effective administration of nitroglycerin ointment.