NCLEX-RN
Teaching and Learning Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A home care nurse is instructing a mother of a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) about the appropriate dietary measures. Which diet should the nurse tell the mother that the child needs to consume?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with CF are managed with a high-calorie, high-protein diet. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and fat-soluble vitamin supplements are administered. Fat restriction is not necessary.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with oral candidiasis (thrush) about caring for the disorder. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients with thrush cannot tolerate commercial mouthwashes because the high alcohol concentration in these products can cause pain and discomfort of the lesions. A solution of warm water or mouthwash formulas without alcohol are better tolerated and may promote healing. A change in diet to liquid or pureed food often eases the discomfort of eating. The client should avoid spicy foods, citrus juices, and hot liquids.
Question 3 of 5
A client is receiving intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy at home via an intermittent IV catheter. In order to facilitate the early detection of IV therapy complications, which intervention should be included in the client's education?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse instructs the client to report clinical indicators of an IV site infection, including pain, drainage, and edema because the early detection of infection decreases the risk of septicemia, tissue loss, and devastating complications. The remaining options are reasonable aspects of client teaching for IV therapy at home, but they are not surveillance methods.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client on a low-sodium diet for the treatment of hypertension. Which statement by the client should indicate to the nurse that there is a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-sodium diet is used as an adjunct to antihypertensive medications for the treatment of hypertension. Sodium retains fluid, which leads to hypertension as a result of increased fluid volume. Frozen foods use salt as a preservative, which increases their sodium content. Canned foods are extremely high in sodium. Fresh foods are best.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is giving dietary instructions to a client who has been prescribed cyclosporine. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A compound in grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolism of cyclosporine. Thus, drinking grapefruit juice can raise cyclosporine levels by 50% to 100%, greatly increasing the risk of toxicity. The foods in options 1, 2, and 4 are acceptable to consume.