NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Gastrointestinal Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which instruction should the nurse discuss with the client who is in the icteric phase of hepatitis C?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rest periods conserve energy and support recovery during the icteric phase of hepatitis C, when jaundice and fatigue are prominent. Alcohol avoidance is general advice, and diet changes are less specific.
Question 2 of 5
Which sign/symptom should the nurse expect to find in a client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis commonly causes frequent bloody stools due to inflammation and ulceration of the colon mucosa. Fever may occur but is less specific, a hard abdomen suggests complications like perforation, and urinary incontinence is unrelated.
Question 3 of 5
The male client had abdominal surgery and the nurse suspects the client has peritonitis. Which assessment data support the diagnosis of peritonitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hard, rigid abdomen and elevated WBC count (22,000/mm3) indicate peritonitis due to peritoneal inflammation and infection. Absent bowel sounds are nonspecific, cramping with normal hemoglobin is less indicative, and diarrhea with Campylobacter suggests gastroenteritis.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the health history of the client receiving treatment for hemorrhoids. Which information, related to the development of hemorrhoids, should the nurse expect to find in the client’s medical history?
Correct Answer: B, E
Rationale: Clients who are thin (BMI = 18) would have a decreased risk of hemorrhoid development. Obesity is a risk factor for hemorrhoid development. B. Prolonged constipation is a risk factor for development of hemorrhoids. C. Since pregnancy is a common cause of constipation, nulliparous women would have a decreased risk of hemorrhoid development. D. Sedentary rather than active occupations have an increased risk of hemorrhoid development. E. Iron supplements can lead to constipation and straining, which can precipitate hemorrhoid development.
Question 5 of 5
The client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is prescribed a low-residue diet. Which meal selection indicates the client understands the diet teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A low-residue diet minimizes fiber to reduce bowel irritation, so roast pork, white rice, and plain custard (low-fiber foods) are appropriate. The other options include high-fiber foods like wheat, vegetables, and whole grains, which are contraindicated.