NCLEX-PN
NCLEX Genitourinary Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rule-out ARF. Which condition predisposes the client to developing prerenal failure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prerenal failure results from decreased renal perfusion. Hypotension reduces blood flow to the kidneys, directly causing prerenal ARF. Diabetes and aminoglycosides contribute to intrinsic renal damage, while BPH causes postrenal issues.
Question 2 of 5
The client diagnosed with ARF is admitted to the intensive care department and placed on a therapeutic diet. Which diet is most appropriate for the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ARF patients require a restricted-protein diet to reduce urea production and a high-carbohydrate diet to provide energy, minimizing protein catabolism. High-potassium diets are contraindicated due to hyperkalemia risk, and low-fat or regular diets are less specific.
Question 3 of 5
The UAP tells the nurse the client with ARF has a white crystal-like layer on top of the skin. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The white crystal-like layer is uremic frost, a result of urea crystallizing on the skin due to severe uremia in ARF. This is an expected finding and requires no specific intervention beyond routine skin care and dialysis to address uremia.
Question 4 of 5
The male client diagnosed with CKD has received the initial dose of erythropoietin, a biologic response modifier, one (1) week ago. Which complaint by the client indicates the need to notify the health-care provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin can cause hypertension as a side effect, which is significant in CKD patients and warrants notifying the provider. Flu-like symptoms and fatigue are common and expected, while leg/back discomfort is less specific.
Question 5 of 5
The male client diagnosed with CKD secondary to diabetes has been receiving dialysis for 12 years. The client is notified he will not be placed on the kidney transplant list. The client tells the nurse he will not be back for any more dialysis treatments. Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A therapeutic response acknowledges the client’s emotions and encourages discussion. Reflecting anger and the desire to quit dialysis validates feelings and opens dialogue. Other options are dismissive, confrontational, or non-therapeutic.