NCLEX-PN
Physiological Adaptation NCLEX Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following should be included in a diet rich in iron?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Home sources of iron that can be absorbed in the body include meat, poultry, and fish. In addition, these sources contain a factor that helps to enhance iron absorption of nonheme sources. Eating Vitamin C at the same time as iron sources also helps to promote iron absorption. High calcium intake in the diet promotes the absorption of iron because it helps to bind to phytates and thereby limits their effect.
Question 2 of 5
A client with urinary tract calculi needs to avoid which of the following foods?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client with urinary tract calculi needs to avoid cheese, which has high calcium content. The other foods do not.
Question 3 of 5
When discussing possible complications of pregnancy with a client, the nurse should explain that all of the following are symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following is least indicative of UTI during pregnancy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinary frequency is least indicative of UTI during pregnancy because it is a common minor discomfort of pregnancy and is caused by pressure of the growing uterus on the bladder. As the uterus rises in the second trimester, there are no problems. Frequency returns in the third trimester when the uterus drops into the pelvic cavity. A UTI has the symptoms of frequency, back pain, supra pubic discomfort, and malaise and is diagnosed by laboratory findings.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with an elevated cortisol level. The nurse can expect the client to exhibit symptoms of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High levels of cortisol can produce sodium and fluid retention and potassium deficit, thus creating urinary deficit.
Question 5 of 5
What are the implications for a client with renal insufficiency who wants to start a low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A client with renal insufficiency should not start a low CHO diet because it could result in an increased renal solute load. Clients who have renal disease (renal failure, endstage renal disease [ESRD], dialysis, and transplant) or liver disease (liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, transplant, and hepatitis) require some form of protein control in dietary patterns to prevent complications from an inability to handle protein solute load. Proteins used in the diet must be of high biologic value, and protein intake is usually weight based, starting at 0.8 g/kg of dry weight, depending on the client's underlying clinical condition. Protein levels may be increased as necessary to account for metabolic response to dialysis and regeneration of liver tissue (1.5-2.0 g/kg/day). A minimum level of CHOs are needed in the diet (50-100 g/day) to spare protein. Vitamin and mineral supplements might be indicated with clients who have liver failure. The dietician is instrumental in calculating specific nutrient requirements for these clients and reviewing fluid intake and output, medication profile, and daily weight to monitor client outcomes in conjunction with dialysis technicians and nurses.